In his inaugural address, James K. Polk (1795-1849; see entry in volume 2) outlined four basic goals for his administration: (1) limit the power of the federal government in favor of states; (2) stabilize the economy by cutting the federal debt; (3) pursue expansion of U.S. territory; and (4) participate forcefully and diplomatically in international relations. Even as he generally accomplished those goals, Polk lost popular support, primarily over America's aggressive approach to Mexico and westward expansion.

Just before Polk took office, President John Tyler (1790-1862; see entry in volume 2) offered statehood to the Republic of Texas (see John Tyler primary source entry in volume 1). The issue of Texas statehood was opposed by those Americans concerned that slavery would spread to new U.S. territories. The election of Polk, however, was viewed as a mandate by the people for annexation of Texas. Polk also set his aim on...