1519-1522—Conquest of Mexico
1521-1529—Turkish invasion of southern Europe
1522-1559—Hapsburg-Valois Wars
1524-1525—Peasants' War
1546-1547—Schmalkaldic War
1557-1582—Livonian War
1562-1598—French wars of religion
1585-1589—War of the Three Henries

Important Events to 1600

1492

• Alonso de Nebrija publishes his grammar of Spanish, the first grammar of any vernacular language in Europe. In his introduction he writes that "language is the companion of empire."
•   1 Jan.

Ferdinand and Isabella conquer the kingdom of Granada, ending eight hundred years of Muslim rule on the Iberian peninsula.

The decree of expulsion is issued in Spain, requiring all Jews to leave or convert to Christianity within three months.

After six weeks at sea Christopher Columbus makes landfall in the Caribbean.

1493

• Maximilian I is the first to take the title of "Holy Roman Emperor elect."

1494

• Pope Alexander VI approves the Treaty of...