Smoking was a social habit that declined drastically in the 1970s. In 1976 the U.S. Public Health Service reported that 52 percent of American men and 31 percent of women had smoked cigarettes in 1964, but only 39 percent of the men and 29 per-cent of the women did so in 1975. Public attitudes toward all tobacco products had turned increasingly negative. More nonsmokers complained it was annoying or unhealthy to be near cigarette smokers, and by 1973 thirty states responded with laws banning smoking in certain public places. Businesses also prohibited or limited smoking to reduce housekeeping costs, improve productivity, and promote employee health. Since 1954 public-health experts had warned Americans of the dangers of smoking — to smokers as well as to those around them — and despite counterclaims by the tobacco industry, most Americans gradually agreed that it was, a problem. In 1971 Congress banned cigarette commercials on radio and television...