For a decade the Supreme Court had avoided the use of the word integration in writing about school cases. However, in the case U.S. v. Jefferson County Board of Education (1966), the terms desegregation and integration were used interchangeably, and the decision made clear that the law provided for "not white schools or Negro schools —just schools." By 1969 a unanimous Supreme Court decision stripped southern school officials of all of their favorite legal crutches to avoid compliance with the law, stating that "the obligation of every school district is to terminate dual school systems at once and to operate now and hereafter only unitary systems." Ironically, these decisions impacted southern schools more directly than schools where separation of races was de facto. By 1970 a higher percentage of blacks was attending integrated schools in the South than in the rest of the United...