The Orange Free State is granted autonomous status by Britain in South Africa.

10 Aug.

The world's most grueling automobile race to date ends when Italy's Prince Borghese arrives in Paris, having driven eight thousand miles in sixty-two days from Peking (Beijing), China.

31 Aug.

An agreement between Russia and Britain carves out defined spheres of influence in central Asia and Persia (Iran).

4 Sept.

Edvard Grieg, Norway's foremost classical composer, dies.

6 Sept.

Pope Pius X's encyclical Pascendi Gregis condemns religious modernism. The pope had broached many of the same themes in an encyclical of 4 July titled Lamentabili.

26 Sept.

New Zealand, a former British colony, is granted dominion status.

18 Oct.

The Second International Peace Conference (which had begun on 15 June) ends without accomplishing its main objective: the reduction of armaments. However, new limits on the use of aerial bombardment, poison gas, and undersea mines are agreed to by the forty-six nations in...