Sociology of Religion, September 22nd, 2002
This paper suggests that resilience of ulema groups in adverse environments highly depends upon the levels of their accumulation of three institutional and symbolic capitals; namely doctrinal consensus, institutional autonomy, and leadership charisma. The author uses the examples of Tunisia and Iran to show that the success of ulema institutions to secure a working combination of all three capitals is in turn highly shaped by the possibilities of history, the potentialities of environment, and the imaginative capabilities of the ulema themselves.
INTRODUCTION
By contrast to Catholicism, seen...
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