Business History, April 1st, 2000
Multinational Enterprise in Ancient Phoenicia, by Karl James Moore and David Charles Lewis At its peak, Phoenician businessmen directed intercontinental enterprises trading in silver from Spain, tin from Britain, ivory from Africa, copper from Cyprus, iron from Syria, and textiles and manufactured goods from all over the Mediterranean. Their investments reached from the Atlantic to the Assyrian Empire. Using Dunning's eclectic paradigm as a lens, this paper suggests these early Canaanites as the architects of the first truly intercontinental multinational enterprises. The managed business hie...
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