History Today, April 1st, 2004
QUEEN OF SPAIN from the age of three, Isabella II abdicated after thirty-six years of more or less ceaseless turmoil, and spent almost half her life in exile in France, though she characteristically never learned to speak French properly. Her accession as a baby in 1833 in succession to her father, the autocratic Ferdinand VII, precipitated seven years of civil war with the Carlists--the staunchly Catholic, traditionalist supporters of her uncle, Don Carlos.
Isabella's first regent was her mother, who weakened her position by morganatically marrying a shopkeeper's son and by her reputation ...
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