Transformations often involve using the same storyline of a text and altering its context in order to suit the values, issues and tastes of the current time. Amy Heckerling's film "Clueless" has achieved this through her loose transformation of Jane Austen's novel. In terms of the central storyline, Heckerling has remained true to Austen's novel, however has recontextualised the values seen in Austen's period to suit a contemporary audience. `Clueless' brings `Emma' into a modern era, transforming the text into the popular high school culture of Beverly Hills in the 1990s. Heckerling's `Clueless' conveys distinctive parallels between character, themes and plotline of Jane Austen's novel `Emma'. However, Heckerling has replaced and recontextualised the values concerning class, propriety and social etiquette with those concerning materialism, consumerism and the importance self image.

Para 1: Emma and Cher are representational products of their societies

 Opening sequence:

o `Emma': "handsome, clever...