Essay | Acids, Bases and Amphiprotic Substances in Water

PURPOSE

To observe the effect of various aqueous solutions of acids, bases and amphiprotic substances on a number of indicators, and to record the approximate pH.

To determine more accurate pH values for the solutions, using a calibrated pH meter or data logging equipment.

APPARATUS

The following materials are required in order to complete this experiment:

 Semi-micro test tubes and test tube rack

 Small dropper bottles of the following test solutions:

 0.1M HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, CH3COOH

 0.1M NH3, NaOH, KOH

 Household cloudy ammonia

 White vinegar

 0.1 M NH4Cl, NaHCO3, NaHSO4, NaCl, NaNO3, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2

 Calibrated pH meter or data logging equipment for determining pH

 Small dropper bottles of the following indicators:

• Universal Indicator
• Litmus
• Phenolphthalein
• Methyl orange
• Water

Part A - THE EFFECT OF ACIDS AND BASES ON COMMON INDICATORS

(a) Place six drops of deionised water, the acids H3PO4, HNO3, H2SO4, CH3COOH, and HCl, and the bases NH3, NaOH, KOH, household...
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