Athens was the sacred city of the goddess Athena. During the 5th century, under the statesman Pericles, many temples were being built in the Acropolis, as a new peak of culture and power was rising. In 438 B.C, in Athens, the construction of the temple Parthenon began. The temple was dedicated to Athena. It was completed by 477 B.C. It is the best known of all the buildings built in the Acropolis during that time. Architects Itinus and Callicrates, constructed Parthenon out of white marble. The great Athenian sculptor Phidias, sculpted a 40-foot statue of Athena in the interior of the temple.

There are several stories in which Athens plays a role. In the stories of Theseus, it is the city where he fights the Minotaur in the Labyrinth. In another story, Cecrops gave Athens to Athena in return for her gift of the olive tree. Poseidon was...