According to Human Genome Project developers and researchers, cloning refers to the duplication of genes and a variety of chromosomes to produce a stable amount of identical products to later research. Blastomere (Its sobriquet is "twinning" because it spawns identical twins) is a type of cloning that splits an embryo, shortly after sexual reproduction, to generate a different number of embryos. Another type of cloning has yet to be named. In this case, a somatic cell nucleus transfer is employed when scientists transfer genetic material from a nucleus of one subject, and subsequently, is attached to a nucleus from another. In other words, the end result has the DNA of only one parent. Although both procedures seem complex, the goals of this research are easily understood: to figure out ways to alter subjects to reproduce them reliably. Also, another is to produce complete organs from single cells.

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