Through out the 18th century, Europe experienced a very important movement, which is known as the Enlightenment. Inspired from the Scientific Revolution that occurred much earlier in Europe, the Age of Enlightenment was focused on challenging society to change for much better improvement. During the Enlightenment, writers and scholars who advocated the human improvement believed that European society was emerging from centuries of darkness and ignorance into a new age enlightened by reason, science, and a respect for humanity. Such writers and scholars as Voltaire, Descartes, Montesquieu, and others were referred to as philosophies. With their writings, philosophies exposed the European societies to ideas of Enlightenment reform and change. As well with many other topics, politics and government were a great concern for change to the philosophies. By observing the existing monarchs, the philosophies focused on writing about ways in which such...