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What Is Man? and Other Essays eBook

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Mark Twain

O.M.  No.  The money is merely a symbol—­it represents in visible and concrete form a spiritual desire.  Any so-called material thing that you want is merely a symbol:  you want it not for itself, but because it will content your spirit for the moment.

Y.M.  Please particularize.

O.M.  Very well.  Maybe the thing longed for is a new hat.  You get it and your vanity is pleased, your spirit contented.  Suppose your friends deride the hat, make fun of it:  at once it loses its value; you are ashamed of it, you put it out of your sight, you never want to see it again.

Y.M.  I think I see.  Go on.

O.M.  It is the same hat, isn’t it?  It is in no way altered.  But it wasn’t the hat you wanted, but only what it stood for—­a something to please and content your spirit.  When it failed of that, the whole of its value was gone.  There are no material values; there are only spiritual ones.  You will hunt in vain for a material value that is actual, real—­there is no such thing.  The only value it possesses, for even a moment, is the spiritual value back of it:  remove that end and it is at once worthless—­like the hat.

Y.M.  Can you extend that to money?

O.M.  Yes.  It is merely a symbol, it has no material value; you think you desire it for its own sake, but it is not so.  You desire it for the spiritual content it will bring; if it fail of that, you discover that its value is gone.  There is that pathetic tale of the man who labored like a slave, unresting, unsatisfied, until he had accumulated a fortune, and was happy over it, jubilant about it; then in a single week a pestilence swept away all whom he held dear and left him desolate.  His money’s value was gone.  He realized that his joy in it came not from the money itself, but from the spiritual contentment he got out of his family’s enjoyment of the pleasures and delights it lavished upon them.  Money has no material value; if you remove its spiritual value nothing is left but dross.  It is so with all things, little or big, majestic or trivial—­there are no exceptions.  Crowns, scepters, pennies, paste jewels, village notoriety, world-wide fame—­they are all the same, they have no material value:  while they content the spirit they are precious, when this fails they are worthless.

A Difficult Question

Y.M.  You keep me confused and perplexed all the time by your elusive terminology.  Sometimes you divide a man up into two or three separate personalities, each with authorities, jurisdictions, and responsibilities of its own, and when he is in that condition I can’t grasp it.  Now when I speak of a man, he is the whole thing in one, and easy to hold and contemplate.

O.M.  That is pleasant and convenient, if true.  When you speak of “my body” who is the “my”?

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What Is Man? and Other Essays from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.

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