called them natural slaves. For, according to
Aristotle, that is a man’s natural condition
in which he does his best work. But Aristotle
also thinks of nature as something fixed and immutable;
and therefore sanctions the institution of slavery,
which assumes that what men are that they will always
be, and sets up an artificial barrier to their ever
becoming anything else. We see in Aristotle’s
defence of slavery how the conception of nature as
the ideal can have a debasing influence upon views
of practical politics. His high ideal of citizenship
offers to those who can satisfy its claims the prospect
of a fair life; those who fall short are deemed to
be different in nature and shut out entirely from
approach to the ideal.
A.
D.
Lindsay.
First edition of works (with omission of Rhetorica,
Poetica, and second book of OEconomica), 5 vols. by
Aldus Manutius, Venice, 1495-8; re-impression supervised
by Erasmus and with certain corrections by Grynaeus
(including Rhetorica and Poetica), 1531, 1539, revised
1550; later editions were followed by that of Immanuel
Bekker and Brandis (Greek and Latin), 5 vols.
The 5th vol. contains the Index by Bonitz, 1831-70;
Didot edition (Greek and Latin), 5 vols. 1848-74.
English translations: Edited by T.
Taylor, with Porphyry’s Introduction, 9 vols.,
1812; under editorship of J. A. Smith and W. D. Ross,
1908.
Later editions of separate works:
De Anima: Torstrik, 1862; Trendelenburg, 2nd
edition, 1877, with English translation, E. Wallace,
1882; Biehl, 1884, 1896; with English, R. D. Hicks,
1907.
Ethica : J. S. Brewer (Nicomachean), 1836; W.
E. Jelf, 1856; J. E. T. Rogers, 1865; A. Grant, 1857-8,
1866, 1874, 1885; E. Moore, 1871, 1878, 4th edition,
1890; Ramsauer (Nicomachean), 1878, Susemihl, 1878,
1880, revised by O. Apelt, 1903; A. Grant, 1885; I.
Bywater (Nicomachean), 1890; J. Burnet, 1900.
Historia Animalium : Schneider, 1812; Aubert
and Wimmer, 1860, Dittmeyer, 1907.
Metaphysica: Schwegler, 1848; W. Christ, 1899.
Organon: Waitz, 1844-6.
Poetica: Vahlen, 1867, 1874, with Notes by E.
Moore, 1875; with English translation by E. R. Wharton,
1883, 1885; Uberweg, 1870, 1875; with German translation,
Susemihl, 1874; Schmidt, 1875; Christ, 1878; I. Bywater,
1898; T. G. Tucker, 1899.
De Republics, Atheniensium: Text and facsimile
of Papyrus, F. G. Kenyon, 1891, 3rd edition, 1892;
Kaibel and Wilamowitz — Moel-lendorf, 1891,
3rd edition, 1898; Van Herwerden and Leeuwen (from
Kenyon’s text), 1891; Blass, 1892, 1895, 1898,
1903; J. E. Sandys, 1893.
Politica: Susemihl, 1872; with German, 1878,
3rd edition, 1882; Susemihl and Hicks, 1894, etc.;
O. Immisch, 1909.
Physica: C. Prantl, 1879.
Rhetorica: Stahr, 1862; Sprengel (with Latin
text), 1867; Cope and
Sandys, 1877; Roemer, 1885, 1898.
