Chapter xxv. Utilitarianism 105.
What is Utilitarianism? 106. Bentham’s
Doctrine. 107. The Doctrine of J. S. Mill. 108.
The Argument for Utilitarianism. 109. The Distribution
of Happiness. 110. The Calculus of Pleasures.
111. The Difficulties of Other Schools. 112.
Summary of Arguments for Utilitarianism. 113.
Arguments against Utilitarianism. 114. Transfigured
Utilitarianism.
Chapter xxvi. Nature, perfection,
self-realization I. Nature 115.
Human Nature as Accepted Standard. 116. Human
Nature and the Law of Nature. 117. Vagueness
of the Law of Nature. 118. The Appeal to Nature
and Intuitionism.
II. Perfection 119. Perfection and Type.
120. More and Less Perfect Types. 121. Perfectionism
and Intuitionism.
III. Self-realization 122. The Self-realization
Doctrine. 123. The Doctrine Akin to that of Following
Nature. 124. Is the Doctrine More Egoistic?
125. Why Aim to Realize Capacities? 126.
The Problem of Self-sacrifice. 127. Self-satisfaction
and Self-sacrifice. 128. Can Moral Self-sacrifice
be a Duty? 129. Self-sacrifice and the Identity
of Selves. 130. Questions which Seem to be Left
Open.
Chapter XXVII. The ethics of
evolution 131. The Significance of the Title.
132. Evolution and the Schools of the Moralists.
133. The Ethics of Individual Evolutionists.
Chapter XXVIII. Pessimism 134.
The Philosophy of the Pessimist. 135. Comment
on the Ethics of Pessimism.
Chapter xxix. Kant, Hegel
and Nietzsche 136. Kant. 137.
Hegel. 138. Nietzsche.
THE ETHICS OF THE SOCIAL WILL
CHAPTER XXX. ASPECTS OF THE ETHICS OF REASON
139. The Doctrine Supported by the Other Schools.
140. Its Method of Approach to Problems. 141.
Its Solution of Certain Difficulties. 142. The
Cultivation of Our Capacities.
CHAPTER XXXI. THE MORAL LAW AND MORAL IDEALS
143. Duties and Virtues. 144. The Negative
Aspect of the Moral Law. 145. How Can One Know
the Moral Law?
CHAPTER XXXII. THE MORAL CONCEPTS 146.
Good and Bad; Right and Wrong. 147. Duty and
Obligation. 148. Reward and Punishment. 149.
Virtues and Vices. 150. Conscience.
CHAPTER XXXIII. THE ETHICS OF THE INDIVIDUAL.
151. What is Meant by the Term? 152. The
Virtues of the Individual. 153. Conventional
Morality.
CHAPTER XXXIV. THE ETHICS OF THE STATE 154.
The Aim of the State. 155. Its Origin and Authority.
156. Forms of Organization. 157. The Laws
of the State. 158. The Rights and Duties of the
State.
CHAPTER XXXV. INTERNATIONAL ETHICS 159.
What is Meant by the Term. 160. Our Method of
Approach to the Subject. 161. Some Problems of
International Ethics. 162. The Other Side of
the Shield. 163. The Solution. 164. The
Necessity for Caution.
