of Phalaris, manner of bending—­Results of the exclusion of light from their tips—­Effects transmitted beneath the surface of the ground—­Lateral illumination of the tip determines the direction of the curvature of the base—­Cotyledons of Avena, curvature of basal part due to the illumination of upper part—­Similar results with the hypocotyls of Brassica and Beta—­Radicles of Sinapis apheliotropic, due to the sensitiveness of their tips—­Concluding remarks and summary of chapter—­ Means by which circumnutation has been converted into heliotropism or apheliotropism...Page 449-492

CHAPTER X.

Modified circumnutation:  Movements excited by gravitation.

Means of observation—­Apogeotropism—­Cytisus—­Verbena—­Beta—­Gradual conversion of the movement of circumnutation into apogeotropism in Rubus, Lilium, Phalaris, Avena, and Brassica—­Apogeotropism retarded by heliotropism—­Effected by the aid of joints or pulvini—­Movements of flower-peduncles of Oxalis—­General remarks on apogeotropism—­Geotropism—­ Movements of radicles—­Burying of seed-capsules—­Use of process—­Trifolium subterraneum—­Arac
his—­Amphicarpaea—­Diageotropism—­Conclusion...493-522

CHAPTER XI.

Localised sensitiveness to gravitation, and its transmitted effects.

General considerations—­Vicia faba, effects of amputating the tips of the radicles—­Regeneration of the tips—­Effects of a short exposure of the tips to geotropic action and their subsequent amputation—­Effects of amputating the tips obliquely—­Effects of cauterising the tips—­Effects of grease on the tips—­Pisum [page x.] sativum, tips of radicles cauterised transversely, and on their upper and lower sides—­Phaseolus, cauterisation and grease on the tips—­Gossypium—­ Cucurbita, tips cauterised transversely, and on their upper and lower sides—­Zea, tips cauterised—­Concluding remarks and summary of chapter—­ Advantages of the sensibility to geotropism being localised in the tips of the radicles...Page 523-545

CHAPTER XII.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS.

Nature of the circumnutating movement—­History of a germinating seed—­The radicle first protrudes and circumnutates—­Its tip highly sensitive—­ Emergence of the hypocotyl or of the epicotyl from the ground under the form of an arch—­Its circumnutation and that of the cotyledons—­The seedling throws up a leaf-bearing stem—­The circumnutation of all the parts or organs—­Modified circumnutation—­Epinasty and hyponasty—­Movements of climbing plants—­Nyctitropic movements—­Movements excited by light and gravitation—­Localised sensitiveness—­Resemblance between the movements of plants and animals—­The tip of the radicle acts like a brain...546-573