ARTICLE III

Natural selection not inconsistent
with natural theology

Part I.—­Premonitions of Darwinism.—­A Proper Subject for Speculation.—­Summary of Facts and Ideas suggestive of Hypotheses of Derivation

Part ii—­Limitations of Theory conceded by Darwin.—­What Darwinism explains.—­Geological Argument strong in the Tertiary Period.—­ Correspondence between Rank and Geological Succession—­Difficulties in Classification.—­Nature of Affinity.—­No Absolute Distinction between Vegetable and Animal Kingdoms.—­Individuality.—­Gradation

Part III.—­Theories contrasted.—­Early Arguments against Darwinism.—­Philosophical and Theological Objections—­Theory may be theistic.—­Final Cause not excluded.—­Cause of Variation unknown.—­Three Views of Efficient Cause compatible with Theism.—­Agassiz’s Objections of a Philosophical Nature.—­Minor Objections.—­Conclusion

ARTICLE IV

Species as to variation,
geographical distribution,
and succession

Alphonse De Candolle’s Study of the Oak Genus.—­Variability of the Species.—­Antiquity.—­A Common Origin probable.—­Dr. Falconer on the Common Origin of Elephants—­Variation and Natural Selection distinguished.—­Saporta on the Gradation between the Vegetable Forms of the Cretaceous and the Tertiary.—­Hypothesis of Derivation more likely to be favored by Botanists than by Zoologists.—­Views of Agassiz respecting the Origin, Dispersion, Variation, Characteristics, and Successive Creation of Species contrasted with those of De Candolle and others—­Definition of Species—­Whether its Essence is in the Likeness or in the Genealogical Connection of the Individuals composing a Species

ARTICLE V

Sequoia and its history: 
The relations of north American
to Northeast Asian and to
tertiary vegetation

Age and Size of Sequoia.—­Isolation.—­Decadence.—­Related Genera.—­ Former Distribution.—­Similarity between the Flora of Japan and that of the United States, especially on the Atlantic Side.—­Former Glaciation as explaining the Present Dispersion of Species.—­This confirmed by the Arctic Fossil Flora of the Tertiary Period.—­Tertiary Flora derived from the Preceding Cretaceous.—­Order and Adaptation in Organic Nature likened to a Flow.—­Order implies an Ordainer

ARTICLE VI

The attitude of working
naturalists toward Darwinism

General Tendency to Acceptance of the Derivative Hypothesis noted.—­Lyell, Owen, Alphonse De Candolle, Bentham, Flower, Ailman.—­ Dr. Dawson’s “Story of the Earth and Man” examined.—­Difference between Scientific Men and General Speculators or Amateurs in the Use of Hypotheses