The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.
(c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham.
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| Table of Contents | |
| Section | Page |
| Start of eBook | 1 |
| PART I. | 1 |
| PART II. | 2 |
| Footnotes | 13 |
| Information about Project Gutenberg (one page) | 14 |
| (Three Pages) | 15 |
Confiteor facere hoc annos; sed et altera causa est,
Anxietas animi, continuusque dolor.
Ovid.
-------------------
Magistrate, vagrant, Constable, &c.
Vagrant.
Take, take away thy barbarous hand,
And let me to thy Master speak;
Remit awhile the harsh command,
And hear me, or my heart will break.
Magistrate.
Fond wretch! and what canst thou relate,
But deeds of sorrow, shame, and sin?
Thy crime is proved, thou know’st thy fate;
But come, thy tale!—begin, begin! —
Vagrant.
My crime!—This sick’ning child to
feed.
I seized the food, your witness saw;
I knew your laws forbade the deed,
But yielded to a stronger law.
Know’st thou, to Nature’s great command
All human laws are frail and weak?
Nay! frown not—stay his eager hand,
And hear me, or my heart will break.
In this, th’ adopted babe I hold
With anxious fondness to my breast,
My heart’s sole comfort I behold,
More dear than life, when life was blest;
I saw her pining, fainting, cold,
I begg’d—but vain was my request.
I saw the tempting food, and seized —
My infant-sufferer found relief;
And in the pilfer’d treasure pleased,
Smiled on my guilt, and hush’d my grief.
But I have griefs of other kind,
Troubles and sorrows more severe;
Give me to ease my tortured mind,
Lend to my woes a patient ear;
And let me—if I may not find
A friend to help—find one to hear.
Yet nameless let me plead—my name
Would only wake the cry of scorn;
A child of sin, conceived in shame,
Brought forth in woe, to misery born.
My mother dead, my father lost,
I wander’d with a vagrant crew;
A common care, a common cost;
Their sorrows and their sins I knew;
With them, by want on error forced,
Like them, I base and guilty grew.
Few are my years, not so my crimes;
The age which these sad looks declare,
Is Sorrow’s work, it is not Time’s,
And I am old in shame and care.
Taught to believe the world a place
Where every stranger was a foe,
Train’d in the arts that mark our race,
To what new people could I go?
Could I a better life embrace,
Or live as virtue dictates? No! —
So through the land I wandering went,
And little found of grief or joy;
But lost my bosom’s sweet content
When first I loved the Gipsy-Boy.
A sturdy youth he was and tall,
His looks would all his soul declare;
His piercing eyes were deep and small,
And strongly curl’d his raven-hair.
Yes, Aaron had each manly charm,
All in the May of youthful pride,
He scarcely fear’d his father’s arm,
And every other arm defied. —
Oft, when they grew in anger warm,
(Whom will not love and power divide?)
I rose, their wrathful souls to calm,
Not yet in sinful combat tried.
His father was our party’s chief,
And dark and dreadful was his look;
His presence fill’d my heart with grief,
Although to me he kindly spoke.
With Aaron I delighted went,
His favour was my bliss and pride;
In growing hope our days we spent,
Love’s growing charms in either spied;
It saw them all which Nature lent,
It lent them all which she denied.
Could I the father’s kindness prize,
Or grateful looks on him bestow,
Whom I beheld in wrath arise,
When Aaron sunk beneath his blow?
He drove him down with wicked hand,
It was a dreadful sight to see;
Then vex’d him, till he left the land,
And told his cruel love to me;
The clan were all at his command,
Whatever his command might be.
The night was dark, the lanes were deep,
And one by one they took their way;
He bade me lay me down and sleep,
I only wept and wish’d for day.
Accursed be the love he bore,
Accursed was the force he used,
So let him of his God implore
For mercy, and be so refused!
You frown again,—to show my wrong
Can I in gentle language speak?
My woes are deep, my words are strong, —
And hear me, or my heart will break.
Magistrate.
I hear thy words, I feel thy pain;
Forbear awhile to speak thy woes;
Receive our aid, and then again
The story of thy life disclose.
For, though seduced and led astray,
Thou’st travell’d far and wander’d
long;
Thy God hath seen thee all the way,
And all the turns that led thee wrong.
Quondam ridentes oculi, nunc fonte perenni
Deplorant poenas nocte dieque suas.
Corneille.
---------------
Magistrate.
Come, now again thy woes impart,
Tell all thy sorrows, all thy sin;
We cannot heal the throbbing heart
Till we discern the wounds within.
Compunction weeps our guilt away,
The sinner’s safety is his pain;
Such pangs for our offences pay,
And these severer griefs are gain.
Vagrant.
The son came back—he found us wed,
Then dreadful was the oath he swore;
His way through Blackburn Forest led, —
His father we beheld no more.
Of all our daring clan not one
Would on the doubtful subject dwell;
For all esteem’d the injured son,
And fear’d the tale which he could tell.
But I had mightier cause for fear,
For slow and mournful round my bed
I saw a dreadful form appear, —
It came when I and Aaron wed.
Yes! we were wed, I know my crime, —
We slept beneath the elmin tree;
But I was grieving all the time,
And Aaron frown’d my tears to see.
For he not yet had felt the pain
That rankles in a wounded breast;
He waked to sin, then slept again,
Forsook his God, yet took his rest.
But I was forced to feign delight,
And joy in mirth and music sought, —
And mem’ry now recalls the night,
With such surprise and horror fraught,
That reason felt a moment’s flight,
And left a mind to madness wrought.
When waking, on my heaving breast
I felt a hand as cold as death:
A sudden fear my voice suppress’d,
A chilling terror stopp’d my breath.
I seem’d—no words can utter how!
For there my father-husband stood,
And thus he said: —“Will God
allow,
The great Avenger just and Good,
A wife to break her marriage vow?
A son to shed his father’s blood?”
I trembled at the dismal sounds,
But vainly strove a word to say;
So, pointing to his bleeding wounds,
The threat’ning spectre stalk’d away.
I brought a lovely daughter forth,
His father’s child, in Aaron’s bed;
He took her from me in his wrath,
“Where is my child?”—“Thy
child is dead.”
’Twas false—we wander’d far
and wide,
Through town and country, field and fen,
Till Aaron, fighting, fell and died,
And I became a wife again.
I then was young: —my husband sold
My fancied charms for wicked price;
He gave me oft for sinful gold,
The slave, but not the friend of vice: —
Behold me, Heaven! my pains behold,
And let them for my sins suffice.
The wretch who lent me thus for gain,
Despised me when my youth was fled;
Then came disease, and brought me pain: —
Come, Death, and bear me to the dead!
For though I grieve, my grief is vain,
And fruitless all the tears I shed.
True, I was not to virtue train’d,
Yet well I knew my deeds were ill;
By each offence my heart was pain’d
I wept, but I offended still;
My better thoughts my life disdain’d,
But yet the viler led my will.
My husband died, and now no more
My smile was sought, or ask’d my hand,
A widow’d vagrant, vile and poor,
Beneath a vagrant’s vile command.
Ceaseless I roved the country round,
To win my bread by fraudful arts,
And long a poor subsistence found,
By spreading nets for simple hearts.
Though poor, and abject, and despised,
Their fortunes to the crowd I told;
I gave the young the love they prized,
And promised wealth to bless the old.
Schemes for the doubtful I devised,
And charms for the forsaken sold.
At length for arts like these confined
In prison with a lawless crew,
I soon perceived a kindred mind,
And there my long-lost daughter knew;
His father’s child, whom Aaron gave
To wander with a distant clan,
The miseries of the world to brave,
And be the slave of vice and man.
She knew my name—we met in pain;
Our parting pangs can I express?
She sail’d a convict o’er the main,
And left an heir to her distress.
This is that heir to shame and pain,
For whom I only could descry
A world of trouble and disdain:
Yet, could I bear to see her die,
Or stretch her feeble hands in vain,
And, weeping, beg of me supply?
No! though the fate thy mother knew
Was shameful! shameful though thy race
Have wander’d all a lawless crew,
Outcasts despised in every place;
Yet as the dark and muddy tide,
When far from its polluted source,
Becomes more pure and purified,
Flows in a clear and happy course;
In thee, dear infant! so may end
Our shame, in thee our sorrows cease,
And thy pure course will then extend,
In floods of joy, o’er vales of peace.
Oh! by the god who loves to spare,
Deny me not the boon I crave;
Let this loved child your mercy share,
And let me find a peaceful grave:
Make her yet spotless soul your care,
And let my sins their portion have;
Her for a better fate prepare,
And punish whom ’twere sin to save!
Magistrate.
Recall the word, renounce the thought,
Command thy heart and bend thy knee;
There is to all a pardon brought,
A ransom rich, assured and free;
’Tis full when found, ’tis found if sought,
Oh! seek it, till ’tis seal’d to thee.
Vagrant.
But how my pardon shall I know?
Magistrate.
By feeling dread that ’tis not sent,
By tears for sin that freely flow,
By grief, that all thy tears are spent,
By thoughts on that great debt we owe,
With all the mercy God has lent,
By suffering what thou canst not show,
Yet showing how thine heart is rent,
Till thou canst feel thy bosom glow,
And say, “My saviour, I repent!”
1807
“Woman!”
To a Woman I never addressed myself in the language of decency and friendship, without receiving a decent and friendly answer. If I was hungry or thirsty, wet or sick, they did not hesitate, like Men, to perform a generous action: in so free and kind a manner did they contribute to my relief, that if I was dry, I drank the sweetest draught, and if hungry, I ate the coarsest morsel with a double relish.
Mr Ledyard, as quoted by Mungo Park in his travels into Africa.
----------------
Place the white man on Afric’s coast,
Whose swarthy sons in blood delight,
Who of their scorn to Europe boast,
And paint their very demons white:
There, while the sterner sex disdains
To soothe the woes they cannot feel,
Woman will strive to heal his pains,
And weep for those she cannot heal:
Hers is warm pity’s sacred glow;
From all her stores she bears a part,
And bids the spring of hope re-flow,
That languish’d in the fainting heart.
“What though so pale his haggard face,
So sunk and sad his looks,”—she cries;
“And far unlike our nobler race,
With crisped locks and rolling eyes;
Yet misery marks him of our kind;
We see him lost, alone, afraid;
And pangs of body, griefs in mind,
Pronounce him man, and ask our aid.
“Perhaps in some far-distant shore
There are who in these forms delight;
Whose milky features please them more,
Than ours of jet thus burnished bright;
Of such may be his weeping wife,
Such children for their sire may call,
And if we spare his ebbing life,
Our kindness may preserve them all.”
Thus her compassion Woman shows:
Beneath the line her acts are these;
Nor the wide waste of Lapland-snows
Can her warm flow of pity freeze: —
“From some sad land the stranger comes,
Where joys like ours are never found;
Let’s soothe him in our happy homes,
Where freedom sits, with plenty crown’d.
’Tis good the fainting soul to cheer,
To see the famish’d stranger fed;
To milk for him the mother-deer,
To smooth for him the furry bed.
The powers above our Lapland bless
With good no other people know;
T’enlarge the joys that we possess,
By feeling those that we bestow!”
Thus in extremes of cold and heat,
Where wandering man may trace his kind;
Wherever grief and want retreat,
In Woman they compassion find;
She makes the female breast her seat,
And dictates mercy to the mind.
Man may the sterner virtues know,
Determined justice, truth severe;
But female hearts with pity glow,
And Woman holds affliction dear;
For guiltless woes her sorrows flow,
And suffering vice compels her tear;
’Tis hers to soothe the ills below,
And bid life’s fairer views appear:
To Woman’s gentle kind we owe
What comforts and delights us here;
They its gay hopes on youth bestow,
And care they soothe, and age they cheer.
1807
“The birth of flattery”.
Omnia habeo, nec quicquam habeo;
Quidquid, dicunt, laudo; id rursum si negant, laudo
id quoque;
Negat quis, nego; ait, aio;
Postremo imperavi egomet mihi
Omnia assentari.
Terence,
in Eunuch.
’Tis an old maxim in the schools,
That flattery is the food of fools;
Yet now and then your men of wit
Will condescend to taste a bit.
Swift.
------------------------------
The Subiect—Poverty and Cunning described—When united, a jarring Couple—Mutual reproof—the Wife consoled by a Dream—Birth of a Daughter—Description and Prediction of Envy—How to be rendered ineffectual, explained in a Vision—Simulation foretells the future Success and Triumphs of Flattery—Her power over various Characters and Different Minds; over certain Classes of Men; over Envy himself--Her successful Art of softening the Evils of Life; of changing Characters; of meliorating Prospects and affixing Value to Possessions, Pictures, &c. Conclusion.
Muse of my Spenser, who so well could sing
The passions all, their bearings and their ties;
Who could in view those shadowy beings bring,
And with bold hand remove each dark disguise,
Wherein love, hatred, scorn, or anger lies:
Guide him to Fairy-land, who now intends
That way his flight; assist him as he flies,
To mark those passions, Virtue’s foes and friends,
By whom when led she droops, when leading she ascends.
Yes! they appear, I see the fairy train!
And who that modest nymph of meek address?
Not vanity, though loved by all the vain;
Not Hope, though promising to all success;
Not Mirth, nor Joy, though foe to all distress;
Thee, sprightly syren, from this train I choose,
Thy birth relate, thy soothing arts confess;
’Tis not in thy mild nature to refuse,
When poets ask thine aid, so oft their meed and muse.
---------------------
In Fairy-land, on wide and cheerless plain,
Dwelt, in the house of Care a sturdy swain;
A hireling he, who, when he till’d the soil,
Look’d to the pittance that repaid his toil,
And to a master left the mingled joy
And anxious care that follow’d his employ.
Sullen and patient he at once appear’d,
As one who murmur’d, yet as one who fear’d;
Th’attire was coarse that clothed his sinewy
frame,
Rude his address, and Poverty his name.
In that same plain a nymph, of curious
taste,
A cottage (plann’d, with all her skill) had
placed;
Strange the materials, and for what design’d
The various parts, no simple man might find;
What seem’d the door, each entering guest withstood,
What seem’d a window was but painted wood;
But by a secret spring the wall would move,
And daylight drop through glassy door above:
’Twas all her pride, new traps for praise to
lay,
And all her wisdom was to hide her way;
In small attempts incessant were her pains,
And Cunning was her name among the swains.
Now, whether fate decreed this pair should
wed,
And blindly drove them to the marriage bed;
Or whether love in some soft hour inclined
The damsel’s heart, and won her to be kind,
Is yet unsung: they were an ill-match’d
pair,
But both disposed to wed—and wed they were.
Yet, though united in their fortune, still
Their ways were diverse; varying was their will;
Nor long the maid had bless’d the simple man,
Before dissensions rose, and she began: —
“Wretch that I am! since to thy
fortune bound,
What plan, what project, with success is crown’d?
I, who a thousand secret arts possess,
Who every rank approach with right address;
Who’ve loosed a guinea from a miser’s
chest,
And worm’d his secret from a traitor’s
breast;
Thence gifts and gains collecting, great and small,
Have brought to thee, and thou consum’st them
all;
For want like thine—a bog without a base
—
Ingulfs all gains I gather for the place;
1807
“Reflections”.
Upon the subject —
Quid juvat errores, mersa jam puppe, fateri?
Quid lacrymae delicta juvant commissa secutae?
CLAUDIAN,
in Eutropium.
What avails it, when shipwreck’d, that error
appears?
Are the crimes we commit wash’d away by our
tears?
-----------------------
When all the fiercer passions cease
(The glory and disgrace of youth):
When the deluded soul in peace,
Can listen to the voice of truth:
When we are taught in whom to trust,
And how to spare, to spend, to give,
(Our prudence kind, our pity just),
’Tis then we rightly learn to live.
Its weakness when the body feels,
Nor danger in contempt defies:
To reason when desire appeals,
When, on experience, hope relies:
When every passing hour we prize,
Nor rashly on our follies spend:
But use it, as it quickly flies,
With sober aim to serious end:
When prudence bounds our utmost views,
And bids us wrath and wrong forgive:
When we can ealmly gain or lose, —
’Tis then we rightly learn to live.
Yet thus, when we our way discern,
And can upon our care depend,
To travel safely, when we learn,
Behold? we’re near our journey’s end.
We’ve trod the maze of error round,
Long wand’ring in the winding glade:
And, now the torch of truth is found,
It only shows us where we stray’d:
Light for ourselves, what is it worth,
When we no more our way can choose?
For others, when we hold it forth,
They, in their pride, the boon refuse.
By long experience taught, we now
Can rightly judge of friends and foes,
Can all the worth of these allow,
And all their faults discern in those;
Relentless hatred, erring love,
We can for sacred truth forego;
We can the warmest friend reprove,
And bear to praise the fiercest foe:
To what effect? Our friends are gone
Beyond reproof, regard, or care;
And of our foes remains there one,
The mild relenting thought to share?
Now ’tis our boast that we can quell
The wildest passions in their rage;
Can their destructive force repel,
And their impetuous wrath assuage:
Ah! Virtue, dost thou arm, when now
This bold rebellious race are fled;
When all these tyrants rest and thou
Art warring with the mighty dead?
Revenge, ambition, scorn, and pride,
And strong desire, and fierce disdain,
The giant-brood by thee defied,
Lo! Time’s resistless strokes have slain.
Yet Time, who could that race subdue,
(O’erpowering strength, appeasing rage,)
Leaves yet a persevering crew,
To try the failing powers of age.
Vex’d by the constant call of these,
Virtue a while for conquest tries:
But weary grown and fond of ease,
She makes with them a compromise:
Av’rice himself she gives to rest,
But rules him with her strict commands;
Bids Pity touch his torpid breast,
And Justice hold his eager hands.
Yet is their nothing men can do,
When chilling age comes creeping on?
Cannot we yet some good pursue?
Are talents buried? genius gone?
If passions slumber in the breast,
If follies from the heart be fled;
Of laurels let us go in quest,
And place them on the poet’s head.
Yes, we’ll redeem the wasted time,
And to neglected studies flee;
We’ll build again the lofty rhyme,
Or live, Philosophy, with thee:
For reasoning clear, for flight sublime,
Eternal fame reward shall be;
And to what glorious heights we’ll climb,
The admiring crowd shall envying see.
Begin the song! begin the theme! —
Alas! and is Invention dead?
Dream we no more the golden dream?
Is Mem’ry with her treasures fled?
Yes, ’tis too late,—now Reason guides
The mind, sole judge in all debate;
And thus the important point decides,
For laurels, ’tis, alas! too late.
What is possess’d we may retain,
But for new conquests strive in vain.
Beware then, Age, that what was won,
If life’s past labours, studies, views,
Be lost not, now the labour’s done,
When all thy part is,—not to lose:
When thou canst toil or gain no more,
Destroy not what was gain’d before.
For, all that’s gain’d of all that’s
good,
When time shall his weak frame destroy
(Their use then rightly understood),
Shall man, in happier state, enjoy.
Oh! argument for truth divine,
For study’s cares, for virtue’s strife;
To know the enjoyment will be thine,
In that renew’d, that endless life!
1807
{1} It has been suggested to me, that this change from restlessness to repose, in the mind of Sir Eustace, is wrought by a Methodistic call; and it is admitted to be such: a sober and rational conversion could not have happened while the disorder of the brain continued: yet the verses which follow, in a different measure, are not intended to make any religious persuasion appear ridiculous; they are to be supposed as the effect of memory in the disordered mind of the speaker, and, though evidently enthusiastic in respect to language, are not meant to convey any impropriety of sentiment.
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