Plaintiff Alan Guttmacher Institute has a Web site that contains information about its activities and objectives, including its mission to protect the reproductive choices of women and men.  Plaintiff Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. ("Planned Parenthood”) is a national voluntary organization in the field of reproductive health care.  Planned Parenthood owns and operates several Web sites that provide a range of information about reproductive health, from contraception to prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, to finding an abortion provider, and to information about the drug Mifepristone.  Plaintiff Safersex.org is a Web site that offers free educational information on how to practice safer sex.  Plaintiff Ethan Interactive, Inc., d/b/a Out In America, is an online content provider that owns and operates 64 free Web sites for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered persons worldwide.  Plaintiff PlanetOut Corporation is an online content provider for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered persons.  Plaintiff the Naturist Action Committee ("NAC”) is the nonprofit political arm of the Naturist Society, a private organization that promotes a way of life characterized by the practice of nudity.  The NAC Web site provides information about Naturist Society activities and about state and local laws that may affect the rights of Naturists or their ability to practice Naturism, and includes nude photographs of its members.

Plaintiff Wayne L. Parker was the Libertarian candidate in
the 2000 U.S.  Congressional election for the Fifth District of
Mississippi (and is running again in 2002).   He publishes a Web
site that communicates information about his campaign and that
provides information about his political views and the
Libertarian Party to the public.   Plaintiff Jeffrey Pollock was
the Republican candidate in the 2000 U.S.  Congressional election
for the Third District of Oregon.   He operates a Web site that is
now promoting his candidacy for Congress in 2002.
3.         The Internet
1.         Background
As we noted at the outset, the Internet is a vast,
interactive medium consisting of a decentralized network of
computers around the world.   The Internet presents low entry
barriers to anyone who wishes to provide or distribute
information.   Unlike television, cable, radio, newspapers,
magazines or books, the Internet provides an opportunity for
those with access to it to communicate with a worldwide audience
at little cost.   At least 400 million people use the Internet
worldwide, and approximately 143 million Americans were using the
Internet as of September 2001.   Nat’l Telecomm. & Info.  Admin., A
Nation Online:  How Americans Are Expanding Their Use of the
Internet  (February 2002), available at
http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/dn/.

The World Wide Web is a part of the Internet that consists of a network of computers, called “Web servers,” that host “pages” of content accessible via the Hypertext Transfer Protocol or