I. New Lamps for
old.
1. Propositions . . . . . .
. 1
2. Syllogisms . . . . . . .
. 20
3. Fallacies . . . . . . .
. 32
II. Cross questions.
1. Elementary . . . . . . .
. 37
2. Half of Smaller Diagram. Propositions
to be represented . . . . . 40
3. Do. Symbols to be interpreted.
. 42
4. Smaller Diagram. Propositions
to be
represented . . . . . . . 44
5. Do. Symbols to be interpreted.
. 46
6. Larger Diagram. Propositions
to be
represented . . . . . . . 48
7. Both Diagrams to be employed .
. 51
III. Crooked answers.
1. Elementary . . . . . . .
. 55
2. Half of Smaller Diagram. Propositions
represented . . . . . . . 59
3. Do. Symbols interpreted .
. . 61
4. Smaller Diagram. Propositions
represented. 62
5. Do. Symbols interpreted .
. . 65
6. Larger Diagram. Propositions
represented. 67
7. Both Diagrams employed . . .
. 72
IV. Hit or Miss . . .
. . . . . . 85
New Lamps for old.
“Light come, light go.”
_________
1. Propositions.
“Some new Cakes are
nice.”
“No new Cakes are nice.”
“All new cakes are nice.”
There are three ‘propositions’ for
you—the only three kinds we are going to
use in this Game: and the first thing to be done
is to learn how to express them on the Board.
Let us begin with
“Some new Cakes are nice.”
But before doing so, a remark has to be made—one
that is rather important, and by no means easy to
understand all in a moment: so please to read
this very carefully.
The world contains many things (such as “Buns”,
“Babies”, “Beetles”.
“Battledores”. &c.); and these Things
possess many attributes (such as “baked”,
“beautiful”, “black”, “broken”,
&c.: in fact, whatever can be “attributed
to”, that is “said to belong to”,
any Thing, is an Attribute). Whenever we wish
to mention a Thing, we use a substantive:
when we wish to mention an Attribute, we use an adjective.
People have asked the question “Can a Thing
exist without any Attributes belonging to it?”
It is a very puzzling question, and I’m not
going to try to answer it: let us turn up our
noses, and treat it with contemptuous silence, as if
it really wasn’t worth noticing. But,
if they put it the other way, and ask “Can an
Attribute exist without any Thing for it to belong
to?”, we may say at once “No: no
more than a Baby could go a railway-journey with no
one to take care of it!” You never saw “beautiful”
floating about in the air, or littered about on the
floor, without any Thing to be beautiful, now
did you?
