Political disabilities are punishments which deprive persons of certain rights of citizenship.  A citizen convicted of bribery in an election, embezzlement of public funds, treason, felony, or petit larceny, is by the law of Virginia deprived of the right of voting.  This is a political disability.  The person convicted is legally disabled to vote.  The governor may remove the disability, and this restores to the person his right of voting.  The governor may also commute capital punishment.  To commute is to change, and capital punishment is the punishment of death—­the punishment inflicted on persons convicted of murder.  The governor may order that instead of being put to death the convict be imprisoned for life, or for a number of years. (A convict is a person convicted or found guilty of crime.)

The governor shall attest all commissions and grants.  To attest is to certify, or bear witness to, and a commission is a written paper giving power or authority to some person or persons to perform a public duty.  When a judge is elected he receives a commission authorizing him to act as such, and the governor attests the commission by signing his name to it.  Grants or gifts, such as grants of public lands or money for educational or other public objects, are also made in writing, and must be attested by the governor. (Commissions and other important papers must have upon them an impression of the seal of the State.  The seal is a circular piece of metal made like a medal or large coin and bearing on each side certain figures and mottoes.  The impression of the seal shows that the paper has been officially attested or certified.)

The veto power is one of the most important powers possessed by the governor.  When a bill is passed by the General Assembly it is sent to the governor for his signature.  If he sign it—­that is, writes his name upon it—­it is then a law.  If he veto the bill, or any item contained in it appropriating money, the bill, or such part of it as is vetoed, cannot become a law until it is again passed by a two-thirds vote of both houses. (Veto is a Latin word meaning I forbid.)

In case the Governor dies, or is in any way incapacitated for performing the duties of his office, the Lieutenant-Governor shall act; and in case of the inability of both, the President pro tempore of the Senate shall act.

Incapacitated for office means legally disqualified.  The governor would be incapacitated if he should refuse to qualify by taking the necessary oath, or if he should reside out of the State, or if he should be convicted on impeachment.

Lieutenant-governor.

Elected.  At the same time and for the same term as the Governor, and his qualifications and the manner of his election in all respects shall be the same.