them, kept on murmuring and complaining.  On Tuesday, October 9th, the wind chopped round a little and the course was altered, first to south-west and then at evening to a point north of west; and the journal records that “all night they heard birds passing.”  The next day Columbus resumed the west-southwesterly course and made a run of fifty-nine leagues; but the mariners broke out afresh in their discontent, and declined to go any farther.  They complained of the long voyage, and expressed their views strongly to the commander.  But they had to deal with a man who was determined to begin with, and who saw in the many signs of land that they had met with only an additional inducement to go on.  He told them firmly that with or without their consent he intended to go on until he had found the land he had come to seek.

The next day, Thursday, October 11th, was destined to be for ever memorable in the history of the world.  It began ordinarily enough, with a west-south-west wind blowing fresh, and on a sea rather rougher than they had had lately.  The people on the Santa Maria saw some petrels and a green branch in the water; the Pinta saw a reed and two small sticks carved with iron, and one or two other pieces of reeds and grasses that had been grown on shore, as well as a small board.  Most wonderful of all, the people of the Nina saw “a little branch full of dog roses”; and it would be hard to estimate the sweet significance of this fragment of a wild plant from land to the senses of men who had been so long upon a sea from which they had thought never to land alive.  The day drew to its close; and after nightfall, according to their custom, the crew of the ships repeated the Salve Regina.  Afterwards the Admiral addressed the people and sailors of his ship, “very merry and pleasant,” reminding them of the favours God had shown them with regard to the weather, and begging them, as they hoped to see land very soon, within an hour or so, to keep an extra good look-out that night from the forward forecastle; and adding to the reward of an annuity of 10,000 maravedis, offered by the Queen to whoever should sight land first, a gift on his own account of a silk doublet.

The moon was in its third quarter, and did not rise until eleven o’clock.  The first part of the night was dark, and there was only a faint starlight into which the anxious eyes of the look-out men peered from the forecastles of the three ships.  At ten o’clock Columbus was walking on the poop of his vessel, when he suddenly saw a light right ahead.  The light seemed to rise and fall as though it were a candle or a lantern held in some one’s hand and waved up and down.  The Admiral called Pedro Gutierrez to him and asked him whether he saw anything; and he also saw the light.  Then he sent for Rodrigo Sanchez and asked him if he saw the light; but he did not, perhaps because from where he was standing it was occulted.  But the others were left in