got in its work with notable effect at some points.  This began, I believe, with the local dramas of Mr. Edward Harrigan, a species of farces, or sketches of character, loosely hung together, with little sequence or relevancy, upon the thread of a plot which would keep the stage for two or three hours.  It was very rough magic, as a whole, but in parts it was exquisite, and it held the mirror up towards politics on their social and political side, and gave us East-Side types—­Irish, German, negro, and Italian—­which were instantly recognizable and deliciously satisfying.  I never could understand why Mr. Harrigan did not go further, but perhaps he had gone far enough; and, at any rate, he left the field open for others.  The next to appear noticeably in it was Mr. Stephen Crane, whose Red Badge of Courage wronged the finer art which he showed in such New York studies as Maggie:  A Girl of the Streets, and George’s Mother.  He has been followed by Abraham Cahan, a Russian Hebrew, who has done portraits of his race and nation with uncommon power.  They are the very Russian Hebrews of Hester Street translated from their native Yiddish into English, which the author mastered after coming here in his early manhood.  He brought to his work the artistic qualities of both the Slav and the Jew, and in his ‘Jekl:  A Story of the Ghetto’, he gave proof of talent which his more recent book of sketches—­’The Imported Bride groom’—­confirms.  He sees his people humorously, and he is as unsparing of their sordidness as he is compassionate of their hard circumstance and the somewhat frowsy pathos of their lives.  He is a Socialist, but his fiction is wholly without “tendentiousness.”

A good many years ago—­ten or twelve, at least—­Mr. Harry Harland had shown us some politer New York Jews, with a romantic coloring, though with genuine feeling for the novelty and picturesqueness of his material; but I do not think of any one who has adequately dealt with our Gentile society.  Mr. James has treated it historically in Washington Square, and more modernly in some passages of The Bostonians, as well as in some of his shorter stories; Mr. Edgar Fawcett has dealt with it intelligently and authoritatively in a novel or two; and Mr. Brander Matthews has sketched it, in this aspect, and that with his Gallic cleverness, neatness, and point.  In the novel, ‘His Father’s Son’, he in fact faces it squarely and renders certain forms of it with masterly skill.  He has done something more distinctive still in ‘The Action and the Word’, one of the best American stories I know.  But except for these writers, our literature has hardly taken to New York society.

IV.