to take them from him by force, or fraud, is no breach of the Law, that sayth, “Thou shalt not covet:”  nor is the pleasure a man my have in imagining, or dreaming of the death of him, from whose life he expecteth nothing but dammage, and displeasure, a Sinne; but the resolving to put some Act in execution, that tendeth thereto.  For to be pleased in the fiction of that, which would please a man if it were reall, is a Passion so adhaerent to the Nature both of a man, and every other living creature, as to make it a Sinne, were to make Sinne of being a man.  The consideration of this, has made me think them too severe, both to themselves, and others, that maintain, that the First motions of the mind, (though checked with the fear of God) be Sinnes.  But I confesse it is safer to erre on that hand, than on the other.

A Crime What A Crime, is a sinne, consisting in the Committing (by Deed, or Word) of that which the Law forbiddeth, or the Omission of what it hath commanded.  So that every Crime is a sinne; but not every sinne a Crime.  To intend to steale, or kill, is a sinne, though it never appeare in Word, or Fact:  for God that seeth the thoughts of man, can lay it to his charge:  but till it appear by some thing done, or said, by which the intention may be Crime; which distinction the Greeks observed in the word amartema, and egklema, or aitia; wherof the former, (which is translated Sinne,) signifieth any swarving from the Law whatsoever; but the two later, (which are translated Crime,) signifie that sinne onely, whereof one man may accuse another.  But of Intentions, which never appear by any outward act, there is no place for humane accusation.  In like manner the Latines by Peccatum, which is Sinne, signifie all manner of deviation from the Law; but by crimen, (which word they derive from Cerno, which signifies to perceive,) they mean onely such sinnes, as my be made appear before a Judge; and therfore are not meer Intentions.

Where No Civill Law Is, There Is No Crime From this relation of Sinne to the Law, and of Crime to the Civill Law, may be inferred, First, that where Law ceaseth, Sinne ceaseth.  But because the Law of Nature is eternall, Violation of Covenants, Ingratitude, Arrogance, and all Facts contrary to any Morall vertue, can never cease to be Sinne.  Secondly, that the Civill Law ceasing, Crimes cease:  for there being no other Law remaining, but that of Nature, there is no place for Accusation; every man being his own Judge, and accused onely by his own Conscience, and cleared by the Uprightnesse of his own Intention.  When therefore his Intention is Right, his fact is no Sinne:  if otherwise, his fact is Sinne; but not Crime.  Thirdly, That when the Soveraign Power ceaseth, Crime also ceaseth:  for where there is no such Power, there is no protection to be had from the Law; and therefore every one may protect himself by his own power:  for no man in the Institution of Soveraign Power can be supposed to give away the Right of preserving his own body; for the safety whereof all Soveraignty was ordained.  But this is to be understood onely of those, that have not themselves contributed to the taking away of the Power that protected them:  for that was a Crime from the beginning.