considered, he must surrender all those places to the Florentines, as an enemy, which he was unwilling to hold as a friend:  that he had set such an example, as it would be most highly impolitic to encourage; for, upon a change of fortune, it might injure the republic, and it was not himself they feared, but his power while lord of the Casentino.  If, however, he could live as a prince in Germany, the citizens would be very much gratified; and out of love to those ancestors of whom he had spoken, they would be glad to assist him.”  To this, the count, in great anger, replied:  “He wished the Florentines at a much greater distance.”  Attempting no longer to preserve the least urbanity of demeanor, he ceded the place and all its dependencies to the Florentines, and with his treasure, wife, and children, took his departure, mourning the loss of a territory which his forefathers had held during four hundred years.  When all these victories were known at Florence, the government and people were transported with joy.  Benedetto de’ Medici, finding the report of Niccolo having proceeded either to Rome or to La Marca, incorrect, returned with his forces to Neri, and they proceeded together to Florence, where the highest honors were decreed to them which it was customary with the city to bestow upon her victorious citizens, and they were received by the Signory, the Capitani di Parte, and the whole city, in triumphal pomp.

BOOK VI

CHAPTER I

Reflections on the object of war and the use of victory—­Niccolo reinforces his army—­The duke of Milan endeavors to recover the services of Count Francesco Sforza—­Suspicions of the Venetians—­They acquire Ravenna—­The Florentines purchase the Borgo San Sepolcro of the pope—­Piccinino makes an excursion during the winter—­The count besieged in his camp before Martinengo—­The insolence of Niccolo Piccinino—­The duke in revenge makes peace with the league—­Sforza assisted by the Florentines.

Those who make war have always and very naturally designed to enrich themselves and impoverish the enemy; neither is victory sought or conquest desirable, except to strengthen themselves and weaken the enemy.  Hence it follows, that those who are impoverished by victory or debilitated by conquest, must either have gone beyond, or fallen short of, the end for which wars are made.  A republic or a prince is enriched by the victories he obtains, when the enemy is crushed and possession is retained of the plunder and ransom.  Victory is injurious when the foe escapes, or when the soldiers appropriate the booty and ransom.  In such a case, losses are unfortunate, and conquests still more so; for the vanquished suffers the injuries inflicted by the enemy, and the victor those occasioned by his friends, which being less justifiable, must cause the greater pain, particularly from a consideration of his being thus compelled to oppress his people