[Footnote 12:  {’H ton ’Aradion paralia}, xvi. 2, Sec. 12.]

[Footnote 13:  Pomp.  Mel. De Situ Orbis, i. 12.]

[Footnote 14:  The tract of white sand (Er-Ramleh) which forms the coast-line of the entire shore from Rhinocolura to Carmel is said to be gradually encroaching, fresh sand being continually brought by the south-west wind from Egypt.  “It has buried Ascalon, and in the north, between Joppa and Caesaraea, the dunes are said to be as much as three miles wide and 300 feet high” (Grove, in Smith’s Dict. of the Bible, ii. 673).]

[Footnote 15:  See Cant. ii. 1; Is. xxxiii. 9; xxxv. 2; lxv. 10.]

[Footnote 16:  Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, p. 254.]

[Footnote 17:  The Kaneh derives its name from this circumstance, and may be called “the River of Canes.”]

[Footnote 18:  Robinson, Biblical Researches, iii. 28, 29.]

[Footnote 19:  Grove, l.s.c.]

[Footnote 110:  Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, p. 260.]

[Footnote 111:  Lynch found it eighteen yards in width in April 1848 (The Jordan and the Dead Sea, p. 64).  He found the Belus twice as wide and twice as deep as the Kishon.]

[Footnote 112:  A more particular description of these fountains will be given in the description of the city of Tyre, with which they were very closely connected.]

[Footnote 113:  Robinson, Biblical Researches, iii. 410.]

[Footnote 114:  Robinson, iii. 415.]

[Footnote 115:  Ibid. p. 414.  Compare Renan, Mission de Phenicie, pp. 524, 665.]

[Footnote 116:  Robinson, iii. 420.]

[Footnote 117:  Renan, Mission de Phenicie, p. 353.]

[Footnote 118:  See Edrisi (traduction de Joubert), i. 355; D’Arvieux, Memoires, ii. 33; Renan, pp. 352, 353.]

[Footnote 119:  Gesenius, Thesaurus, p. 247.]

[Footnote 120:  Renan, pp. 59, 60.]

[Footnote 121:  Kenrick (Phoenicia, p. 8), who quotes Burckhardt (Syria, p. 161), and Chesney (Euphrates Expedition, i. 450).]

[Footnote 122:  Renan, p. 59:—­“C’est un immense tapis de fleurs.”]

[Footnote 123:  Mariti, Travels, ii. 131 (quoted by Kenrick, p. 22).]

[Footnote 124:  Strabo, xvi. 2, Sec. 27.]

[Footnote 125:  Stanley, Sinai and Palestine, p. 344.]

[Footnote 126:  Martineau, Eastern Life, p. 539.]

[Footnote 127:  Van de Velde, Travels, i. 317, 318.  Compare Porter, Giant Cities of Bashan, p. 236.]

[Footnote 128:  Ritter, Erdkunde, xvi. 31.]

[Footnote 129:  Grove, in Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible, i. 278.]

[Footnote 130:  Walpole’s Ansayrii, iii. 156.]

[Footnote 131:  The derivation of Lebanon from “white,” is generally admitted. (see Gesenius, Thesaurus, p. 369; Buxtorf, Lexicon, p. 1119; Fuerst, Concordantia, p. 588.)]