To such racial division and affinity I think we may confidently trace the influence exerted by Egypt and Babylon respectively upon Hebrew tradition.

APPENDIX I

COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE SUMERIAN, SEMITIC-BABYLONIAN,
HELLENISTIC, AND HEBREW VERSIONS OF CREATION,
ANTEDILUVIAN HISTORY, AND THE DELUGE

N.B.—­Parallels with the new Sumerian Version are in upper-case.

Sumerian Version.  Seven Tablets Gilgamesh Epic, XI Berossus(’Damscius) Earlier Heb. (J) Later Heb. (P)
(No heaven or earth No heaven or earth Darkness and water Creation of earth Earth without form
First Creation from Primaeval water- (Primaeval water- and heaven and void; darkness
primaeval water gods:  Apsu-Tiamat, gods:  {’Apason- No plant or herb on face of tehom,
without conflict; Mummu Tauthe}, {Moumis} Ground watered by the primaeval water
cf.  Later Sum.  Ver.  Generation of:  Generation of:  mist (or flood) Divine spirit moving
Lakhmu-Lakhamu {Lakhos-Lakhe} (cf.  Sumerian (hovering, brooding)
Anshar-Kishar {’Assoros-Kissare} irrigation myth of upon face of waters
Creation)

The great gods:          Birth of great gods:                             Birth of great gods: 
ANU, ENLIL, ENKI,      ANU, Nudimmud (=EA)                             {’Anos, ’Illinos,
and Ninkharsagga,     Apsu and Tiamat                                  ’Aos, ’Aois-Lauke,
creating deities       revolt                                          Belos)
Conquest of Tiamat                              Conquest of {’Omorka},                          Creation of light
by Marduk as Sun-                               or {Thamte}, by
god                                             {Belos}
Creation of covering                            Creation of heaven and                          Creation of firmament,
for heaven from                                 earth from two halves                           or heaven, to divide
half of Tiamat’s                                of body of Thamte                               waters; followed by
body, to keep her                                                                               emergence of land
waters in place                                                                                Creation of vegetation
Creation of luminaries                          Creation of luminaries                          Creation of luminaries
(Creation of                                     (probable order)                               Creation of animals