to the future, of this commercial and financial metropolis.  Let us enlarge our terminal facilities and bring the rail and the steamship close together.  Let us do away with the burdens that make New York the dearest, and make her the cheapest, port on the continent; and let us impress our commercial ideas upon the national legislature, so that the navigation laws, which have driven the merchant marine of the Republic from the seas, shall be repealed, and the breezes of every clime shall unfurl, and the waves of every sea reflect, the flag of the Republic.

FOOTNOTE: 

[3] Speech of Chauncey M. Depew at the seventy-fourth anniversary banquet of the New England Society in the City of New York, December 22, 1879.

MEN OF LETTERS

BY JAMES ANTHONY FROUDE

Sir Francis Grant, Your Royal Highness, My Lords, and Gentlemen:—­While I feel most keenly the honor which you confer upon me in connecting my name with the interests of literature, I am embarrassed, in responding, by the nature of my subject.  What is literature, and who are men of letters?  From one point of view we are the most unprofitable of mankind—­engaged mostly in blowing soap-bubbles.  From another point of view we are the most practical and energetic portion of the community.  If literature be the art of employing words skilfully in representing facts, or thoughts, or emotions, you may see excellent specimens of it every day in the advertisements in our newspapers.  Every man who uses a pen to convey his meaning to others—­the man of science, the man of business, the member of a learned profession—­belongs to the community of letters.  Nay, he need not use his pen at all.  The speeches of great orators are among the most treasured features of any national literature.  The orations of Mr. Grattan are the text-books in the schools of rhetoric in the United States.  Mr. Bright, under this aspect of him, holds a foremost place among the men of letters of England.

Again, sir, every eminent man, be he what he will, be he as unbookish as he pleases, so he is only eminent enough, so he holds a conspicuous place in the eyes of his countrymen, potentially belongs to us, and if not in life, then after he is gone, will be enrolled among us.  The public insist on being admitted to his history, and their curiosity will not go unsatisfied.  His letters are hunted up, his journals are sifted; his sayings in conversation, the doggerel which he writes to his brothers and sisters are collected, and stereotyped in print.  His fate overtakes him.  He can not escape from it.  We cry out, but it does not appear that men sincerely resist the liberty which is taken with them.  We never hear of them instructing their executors to burn their papers.  They have enjoyed so much the exhibition that has been made of their contemporaries that they consent to be sacrificed themselves.