mu:nio:      mu:ni:re     mu:ni:vi:      mu:ni:tus    fortify
reperio:    reperi:re   rep’peri:    repertus   find
venio:      veni:re     ve:ni:        ventus     come

    [Footnote 2:  facio\ has an irregular passive which will be
    presented later.]

209. Prepositions.
  1.  We learned in Secs. 52, 53 that only the accusative and the
  ablative are used with prepositions, and that prepositions
  expressing ablative relations govern the ablative case.  Those we have
  had are here summarized.  The table following should be learned.

a:  or ab, from, by cum, with de:, down from, concerning e:  or ex, out from, out of pro:, before, in front of; for, in behalf of sine, without

  2.  Prepositions not expressing ablative relations must govern the
  accusative (Sec. 52).  Of these we have had the following: 

    ad, to;
    apud, among;
    per, through

  There are many others which you will meet as we proceed.

  3.  The preposition in\ when meaning _in_ or _on_ governs the
  _ablative_; when meaning _to, into, against_ (relations foreign to the
  ablative) in\ governs the accusative.

210. Yes-or-No Questions.  Questions not introduced by some interrogative word like who, why, when, etc., but expecting the answer yes or no, may take one of three forms: 

  1. Is he coming? (Asking for information.  Implying nothing as to
       the answer expected.)
  2. Is he not coming? (Expecting the answer yes.)
  3. He isn’t coming, is he? (Expecting the answer no.)

These three forms are rendered in Latin as follows: 

  1.  Venitne? is he coming?
  2.  Nonne venit? is he not coming?
  3.  Num venit? he isn’t coming, is he?

    a. -ne, the question sign, is usually added to the verb, which
    then stands first.

b. We learned in Sec. 56.b that yes-or-no questions are usually answered by repeating the verb, with or without a negative.  Instead of this, ita\, vero\, certe\, etc. (_so, truly, certainly_, etc.) may be used for _yes_, and non\, minime\, etc. for _no_ if the denial is emphatic, as, _by no means_, _not at all_.

_211._ EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 290.

I. 1.  Nonne habebat Cornelia ornamenta auri?  Habebat. 2.  Num Sextus legatus scutum in dextro bracchio gerebat?  Non in dextro, sed sinistro in bracchio Sextus scutum gerebat. 3.  Frustra bella multa ab Gallis gesta erant. 4.  Ubi oppidum a perfido Sexto occupatum est, oppidani miseri gladio interfecti sunt. 5.  Id oppidum erat plenum frumenti. 6.  Nonne Sextus ab oppidanis frumentum postulavit?  Vero, sed ii recusaverunt frumentum dare. 7.  Cur oppidum ab Sexto deletum est?  Quia frumentum recusatum est. 8.  Ea victoria non dubia erat. 9.  Oppidani erant defessi et armis egebant. 10.  Num fugam temptaverunt?  Minime.