IMPERATIVE
Pres. au’di:  audi:’re

INFINITIVE
Pres. audi:’re audi:’ri: 

1.  Give the synopsis of rapio\, munio\, reperio\, doceo\, video\,
dico\, ago\, laudo\, porto\, and vary the person and number.

178. We learned in Sec. 50 that one of the three relations covered by the ablative case is expressed in English by the preposition from. This is sometimes called the separative ablative, and it has a number of special uses.  You have already grown familiar with the first mentioned below.

179. RULE.  Ablative of the Place From. The place from which is expressed by the ablative with the prepositions /a:\ or /ab\, /de:\, /e:\ or /ex\.

Agricolae ex agris veniunt, the farmers come from the fields

a. a:\ or ab\ denotes from near a place; e:\ or ex\, out
from it; and de\, _down from_ it.  This may be represented
graphically as follows: 

_________
|         |
a:\ or ab\ |         | e:\ or ex\
/______________|     ___________________\
\              |  Place  |              /
|_________|
|
| de\
|
V

_180._ RULE.  Ablative of Separation. _Words expressing separation or deprivation require an ablative to complete their meaning._

a. If the separation is actual and literal of one material thing from another, the preposition a:\ or ab\, e:\ or ex\, or de\ is generally used.  If no actual motion takes place of one thing from another, no preposition is necessary.

      (a) Perseus terram a monstris liberat
        _Perseus frees the land from monsters_
          (literal separation—­actual motion is expressed)
      (b) Perseus terram tristitia liberat
        _Perseus frees the land from sorrow_
          (figurative separation—­no actual motion is expressed)

181. RULE.  Ablative of the Personal Agent. The word expressing the person from whom an action starts, when not the subject, is put in the ablative with the preposition /a:\ or /ab\.

a. In this construction the English translation of a:\, ab\ is by rather than from.  This ablative is regularly used with passive verbs to indicate the person by whom the act was performed.

      Monstrum a Perseo necatur, the monster is being slain by
        (lit. from) Perseus

b. Note that the active form of the above sentence would be Perseus monstrum necat\, _Perseus is slaying the monster_.  In the passive the _object_ of the active verb becomes the _subject_, and the _subject_ of the active verb becomes the _ablative of the personal agent_, with a:\ or ab\.