FIRST DECLENSION (Continued)

  [Special Vocabulary]

  NOUNS
  Italia, -ae\, f., _Italy_
   Sicilia, -ae, f., _Sicily_
  tuba, -ae\, f., trumpet (tube)
  via, -ae\, f., _way, road, street_ (viaduct)

ADJECTIVES alta\, _high, deep_ (altitude) cla:ra\, clear, bright; famous la:ta\, _wide_ (latitude) longa\, long (longitude) nova\, _new_ (novelty)

_64._ We have for some time now been using adjectives and nouns together and you have noticed an agreement between them in _case_ and in _number_ (Sec. 54).  They agree also in _gender_.  In the phrase silva magna\, we have a feminine adjective in -a agreeing with a feminine noun in -a.

65. RULE.  Agreement of Adjectives. Adjectives agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case.

66. Feminine adjectives in -a are declined like feminine nouns in -a, and you should learn to decline them together as follows: 

          NOUN ADJECTIVE
  domina (BASE domin-), bona (BASE bon-),
    f., lady good

SINGULAR                TERMINATIONS
Nom.  do’mina          bona        -a
Gen.  dominae          bonae       -ae
Dat.  dominae          bonae       -ae
Acc.  dominam          bonam       -am
Abl.  domina:           bona:        -a: 

PLURAL
Nom.  dominae          bonae       -ae
Gen.  domina:’rum      bona:’rum   -a:rum
Dat.  domini:s         boni:s      -i:s
Acc.  domina:s         bona:s      -a:s
Abl.  domini:s         boni:s      -i:s

    a. In the same way decline together puella mala\, _the bad girl_;
    ancil’la parva\, the little maid; fortu’na magna\, _great
    fortune._

67. The words dea\, _goddess_, and filia\, daughter, take the ending -a:bus instead of -i:s in the dative and ablative plural. Note the dative and ablative plural in the following declension: 

  dea bona (BASES de- bon-)

SINGULAR      PLURAL
Nom.  dea bona      deae bonae
Gen.  deae bonae    dea:’rum bona:’rum
Dat.  deae bonae    dea:’bus boni:s
Acc.  deam bonam    dea:s bona:s
Abl.  dea:  bona:     dea’bus boni:s

    a. In the same way decline together filia parva\.

68. Latin Word Order.  The order of words in English and in Latin sentences is not the same.

In English we arrange words in a fairly fixed order.  Thus, in the sentence My daughter is getting dinner for the farmers, we cannot alter the order of the words without spoiling the sentence.  We can, however, throw emphasis on different words by speaking them with more force.  Try the effect of reading the sentence by putting special force on my, daughter, dinner, farmers.

In Latin, where the office of the word in the sentence is shown by its ending (cf.  Sec. 32.1), and not by its position, the order of words is more free, and position is used to secure the same effect that in English is secured by emphasis of voice.  To a limited extent we can alter the order of words in English, too, for the same purpose.  Compare the sentences