Tzu Hsi, empress, 294 ff., 296 ff.

Uighurs, Turkish federation, 171, 174, 176, 177, 178, 181, 185, 186 ff., 190, 233, 234, 278

United States, 287, 304, 309, 313, 322, 342
  (see America)

Ungern-Sternberg, general, 311

Urbanization, 31, 250
  (see City)

Urga, city, 310

University, 304-5, 306, 307, 318, 320

Usury, 94

Vagrants (liu-min), 198, 213

Vietnam, 330, 334
  (see Annam)

Village, 23;
  Village commons, 94, 154

Vinaya Buddhism, 188

Voltaire, writer, 242

Walls, 57; Great Wall, 57, 67, 256

Wan-li, reign period, 265, 266

Wang (king), 38

Wang An-shih, statesman, 215 ff., 217-18, 254

Wang Chen, eunuch, 260

Wang Ching-wei, collaborator, 315, 318

Wang Ch’ung, philosopher 104-5

Wang Hsien-chih, peasant leader, 189-90

Wang Kung, general, 158

Wang Mang, ruler, 92 ff., 97, 100, 101

Wang Shih-chen, writer, 255

Wang Shih-fu, writer, 242

Wang Tao-k’un, writer, 254

Wang Tun, rebel, 156-7

Wang Yang-ming, general and philosopher, 261 ff.

War, 82;
  size of wars, 21, 53;
  War-chariot, 25, 29, 30, 53;
  cost of wars, 90;
  War lords, 309 ff.;
  Warrior-nomads, 36
  (see Army, World War, Opium War, Lorcha War, Fire-Arms)

Washington, conference, 313

Wei, dynasty, 102, 113 ff.;
  small state, 40;
  empress, 180

Wei Chung-hsien, eunuch, 267-8

Wei T’o, ruler in South China, 77

Welfare state, 215 ff.

Well-field system (ching-t’ien), 33

Wen Ti, Han ruler, 78, 79, 80, 81, 86;
  Wei ruler 113;
  Toba ruler, 144;
  Sui ruler, 167 ff.

Wen Tsung, Manchu ruler, 294

Whampoa, military academy, 314

Wheat, 11, 21, 32

White Lotos sect (Pai-lien), 239, 267, 284-5

Wholesalers, 200

Wine, 21

Wood-cut, 251, 256
  (see Colour print)

Wool, 21, 33, 286
  (see Felt)

World Wars, 295, 310, 311, 312, 317

Women rights, 280, 332

Writing, invention, 18, 22
  (see Script)

Wu, empress, 179 ff.;
  state, 38, 111-12, 115, 121

Wu-ch’ang, city, 301
  (see Hankow)

Wu Ching-tzu, writer, 280

Wu-huan, tribal federation, 98, 102, 114

Wu P’ei-fu, war lord, 312

Wu San-Kui, general, 269, 271, 272, 277

Wu Shih-fan, ruler, 271

Wu-sun, tribal group, 89

Wu Tai (Five Dynasties period), 199 ff.