Meditation
  (see Ch’an)

Megalithic culture, 20

Meiji, Japanese ruler, 294

Melanesia, 10

Mencius (Meng Tzu), philosopher, 57

Merchants, 31, 55, 56, 62, 63, 65, 79, 90-1, 104-5, 134, 160, 163, 179,
  189, 198, 200, 201, 202, 212, 215-16, 247-8, 251, 276-7, 297;
  foreign merchants, 190, 234, 237, 281-2
  (see Trade, Salt, Caravans, Businessmen)

Messianic movements, 61, 147

Metal, 15, 20
  (see Bronze, Copper, Iron)

Mi Fei, painter, 220

Middle Class, 195, 254, 297, 304, 309, 310, 314
  (see Burgher, Merchant, Craftsmen, Artisans)

Middle East
  (see Near East)

Migrations, 54, 116, 120 ff., 130, 142, 152 ff., 228, 237, 248, 275-6, 294;
  forced migrations, 54, 167
  (see Colonization, Assimilation, Settlement)

Militarism, 63

Militia, 174, 215, 291

Millet, 11, 21, 32

Mills, 181, 213

Min, state in Fukien, 205

Ming dynasty, 243 ff.

Ming Jui, general, 283

Min Ti, Chin ruler, 123

Ming Ti, Han ruler, 99;
  Wei ruler, 114;
  Later T’ang ruler, 204

Minorate, 24

Missionaries, Christian, 266, 281, 287, 289
  (see Jesuits)

Mo Ti, philosopher, 58

Modernization, 296-7

Mohammedan rebellions, 292 ff.
  (see Muslim)

Mon-Khmer tribes, 10

Monarchy, 47, 247, 281
  (see King, Emperor, Absolutism, Despotism)

Monasteries, Buddhist, 144, 207, 236;
  economic importance, 125, 134, 180-1, 187 ff.

Money, 20, 55, 180-1;
  Money economy, 56, 58, 107-8;
  Origin of money, 40;
  paper money, 202, 211, 347
  (see Coins, Paper, Silver)

Mongolia, 8, 9, 11, 98, 283, 317

Mongols, tribes, tribal federation, dynasty, 17, 40, 53, 57, 76, 102,
  114, 117, 119, 120, 137, 140, 175, 220, 225, 227, 228, 230 ff.,
  232 ff., 240, 243, 244, 257, 259, 264, 266, 268, 270, 277, 281, 284,
  291, 329, 330
  (see Yuean dynasty, Kalmuk, Tuemet, Oirat, Oeloet, Naiman, Turgut,
  Timur, Genghiz, Kublai)

Monks, Buddhist, 134, 146, 164, 188, 207, 218, 239, 246, 253-4

Monopolies, 85, 91, 200, 215

Mound-dwellers, 16

Mu-jung, tribes, 119, 126, 128-9

Mu Ti, East Chin ruler, 157

Mu Tsung, Manchu ruler, 294

Mulberries, 143

Munda tribes, 10

Music, 163, 182-3, 255
  (see Theatre, Dance, Geisha)

Muslims, 179, 233, 278, 289;
  Muslim rebellions, 289, 292 ff.
  (see Islam, Mohammedans)

Mysticism, 46

Naiman, Mongol tribe, 233

Nan-chao, state, 171

Nan-yang, city, 96