Chao, state, 53, 63;
  Earlier Chao, 124;
  Later Chao, 124

Chao K’uang-yin (T’ai Tsu), ruler, 208, 209

Chao Meng-fu, painter, 243

Charters, 30

Chefoo Convention, 295

Ch’en, dynasty, 162 ff.

Ch’en Pa-hsien, ruler, 162

Ch’en Tu-hsiu, intellectual, 307, 320

Ch’eng Hao, philosopher, 219

Cheng Ho, navy commander, 258

Ch’eng I, philosopher, 219

Cheng-i-chiao, religion, 263-4

Ch’eng Ti, ruler of Han, 92;
  ruler of Chin, 156

Ch’eng Tsu, ruler of Manchu, 257

Ch’eng-tu, city, 110, 120

Ch’i, state, 40;
  short dynasty, 190, 225;
  Northern Ch’i, 148 ff., 149, 150 ff., 161, 162, 168

Ch’i-fu, clan, 129 ff.

Chi-nan, city, 55

Ch’i-tan (see Kitan)

Ch’i Wan-nien, leader, 118

Chia, clan, 120

Chia-ch’ing, period, 285

Chia Ssu-tao, politician, 228

Ch’iang, tribes, 21, 118 (see Tanguts)

Chiang Kai-shek, president, 264, 311, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 321, 322,
  324, 326

Ch’ien-lung, period, 272, 282, 284, 285

ch’ien-min (commoners), 143

Chin, dynasty, 229 ff.
  (see Juchen); dynasty, 114, 115 ff.;
  Eastern Chin dynasty, 152 ff., 155 ff.;
  Later Chin dynasty, 139

Ch’in, state, 36;
  Ch’in, dynasty, 53, 59, 60, 62 ff., 80;
  Earlier Ch’in dynasty, 126, 157;
  Later Ch’in dynasty, 129, 139, 159;
  Western Ch’in dynasty, 129, 140

Ch’in K’ui, politician, 226

Chinese, origin of, 2, 8 ff.

Ching Fang, scholar, 255

Ching-te (-chen), city, 201, 256

ching-t’ien system, 33

Ching Tsung, Manchu ruler, 260

Ch’in Ying, painter, 255

Chou, dynasty, 29 f., 76;
  short Chou dynasty, 180;
  Later Chou dynasty, 206;
  Northern Chou dynasty, 148, 149, 150 ff., 169, 172

Chou En-lai, politician, 320

Chou-k’ou-tien, archaeological site, 8

Chou-kung (Duke of Chou), 33, 93
Chou-li, book, 33

Chou Tun-i, philosopher, 218

Christianity, 179, 266, 282, 290
  (see Nestorians, Jesuits, Missionaries)

Chronology, 7, 335

Ch’u, state, 38, 199 ff., 205

Chu Ch’uean-chung, general and ruler, 190, 191, 203, 204

Chu Hsi, philosopher, 219, 263, 279

Chu-ko Liang, general, 111

Chu Te general, 321

Chu Tsai-yue, scholar, 255

Chu Yuean-chang (T’ai Tsu), ruler, 239 ff., 243 ff., 246, 247, 256, 257

chuang, 181, 212-13, 345
  (see Manors, Estates)

Chuang Tzu;, philosopher, 47-8, 50

Chuen-ch’en, ruler, 88

Ch’un-ch’iu, book, 43, 80

chuen-t’ien system (land equalization system), 142-3, 173, 187