Brazilian German. High German.

wentin m.  V. ventin ........
wolte f. (volta)............   Spaziergang, Windung (eines Weges
oder Flusses).

=X.=

Brazilian German. High German.

xarque n. (xarque m.) ....   Doerrfleisch.
xarqueada ....................   Schlaechterei.

=Z.=

Brazilian German. High German.

zaino ........................  ungeflecktes Pferd (e.g. ganz
schwarz).
zebruno ......................   Falbe.
zigarro V. cigarro .........
zipo V. cipo ...............
zise f. (sisa, siza) .......   Accise, Verbrauchssteuer.

APPENDIX.

THE BRAZILIAN GERMAN PRESS.

Among the many things the German agricultural colonist in Brazil had to dispense with so far as a supply from abroad was concerned, was reading matter.  Even to this day books are a relative rarity in the home along the “picada.”  Only in the more important centers is there a general access to publications of this type.

ALMANACS.

As has been the case for centuries in German-speaking communities both in Europe and North America, where there has been a general lack of books, the want of reading-matter has largely been filled by that most important medium, the almanac.  The same condition applies to Brazil.  We might call the almanac the colonist’s encyclopedia.  It is his agricultural guide, medical adviser, compendium of short stories and poetry, moral guide, diary, and a thousand and one other things in addition to being the source of the information which an almanac is ordinarily supposed to furnish, i.e., list the change of seasons, days and months of the year, feast-days, eclipses, etc.  To persons acquainted only with the folk-almanacs in Europe and North America, the entire lack of weather-forecasts in the Brazilian German editions is striking.

Among the best known and most important German folk-almanacs in Brazil are: 

     Rothermund’s Kalender fuer die Deutschen in Brasilien, published
     in Sao Leopoldo and Cruz Alta, R.G. do Sul;

     Uhle’s illustrierter deutsch-brasilianischer Familien-Kalender,
     published in Rio and Curityba;

     Der Familienfreund, published in Porte Alegre;

     Riograndenser Marienkalender, published in Porto Alegre;

and

     Musterreiters Neu-Historischer Kalender, published in Porto
     Alegre.

Rothermund’s and Uhle’s almanacs are perhaps the most important as well as the most voluminous.  To them one might well apply the statement found in the preface to one of the well-known reading-texts published for use in the “Pikadenschulen”:  “Darin ist alles enthalten, was fuer gebildeten Kolonisten zu wissen interessant und lehrreich ist."[129]