What is the conclusion of what I have tried to say to you?  There are at the present time two great causes of fighting and hostility.  There used to be three.  There was a time when men fought about religious doctrine, and though I do not defend it, it was perhaps less sordid than some of our fights to-day.  Now the two great causes of fighting are greed and fear.  Generally speaking, I think we may say that greed in international matters is a less potent cause of hostility than fear.  The disease the world is suffering from is the disease of fear and suspicion.  You see it between man and man, between class and class, and most of all between nation and nation.  People reproach this great country and other great countries with being unreasonable or unwilling to make concessions.  If you look deeply into it you will find always the same cause.  It is not mere perversity; it is fear and fear alone that makes men unreasonable and contentious.  It is no new thing; it has existed from the foundation of the world.  The Prime Minister the other day said, and said quite truly, that the provisions of the Covenant, however admirable, were not in themselves sufficient to secure the peace of the world.  He made an appeal, quite rightly, to the religious forces and organisations to assist.  I agree, but after all something may be done by political action, and something by international organisation.  In modern medicine doctors are constantly telling us they cannot cure any disease—­all they can do is to give nature a chance.  No Covenant will teach men to be moral or peace-loving, but you can remove, diminish, or modify the conditions which make for war, and take obstacles out of the way of peace.  We advocate partnership in industry and social life.  We advocate self-government, international co-operation.  We recognise that these are no ends in themselves; they are means to the end; they are the influences which will facilitate the triumph of the right and impede the success of the wrong.

But looking deeper into the matter, to the very foundations, we recognise, all of us, the most devoted adherents of the League, and all men of goodwill, that in the end we must strive for the brotherhood of man.  We admit we can do comparatively little to help it forward.  We recognise that our efforts, whether by covenant or other means, must necessarily be imperfect; but we say, and say rightly, that we have been told that perfect love casteth out fear, and that any step towards that love, however imperfect, will at any rate mitigate the terrors of mankind.

THE BALANCE OF POWER

BY PROFESSOR A.F.  POLLARD

Hon. Litt.D.; Fellow of All Souls’ College, Oxford; F.B.A.; Professor of English History in the University of London; Chairman of the Institute of Historical Research.