[Footnote 77:  U.S.  Expl.  Exp., VI, p. 631.]

Hale gives short vocabularies of the Pujuni, Sekumne, and Tsamak.  Hale did not apparently consider the evidence as a sufficient basis for a family, but apparently preferred to leave its status to be settled later.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.

The tribes of this family have been carefully studied by Powers, to whom we are indebted for most all we know of their distribution.  They occupied the eastern bank of the Sacramento in California, beginning some 80 or 100 miles from its mouth, and extended northward to within a short distance of Pit River, where they met the tribes of the Palaihnihan family.  Upon the east they reached nearly to the border of the State, the Palaihnihan, Shoshonean, and Washoan families hemming them in in this direction.

PRINCIPAL TRIBES.

Bayu.             Olla. 
Boka.             Otaki. 
Eskin.            Paupakan. 
Helto.            Pusuna. 
Hoak.             Taitchida. 
Hoankut.          Tishum. 
Hololupai.        Toamtcha. 
Koloma.           Tosikoyo. 
Konkau.           Toto. 
K[-u]’lmeh.          Ustoma. 
Kulomum.          Wapumni. 
Kwatoa.           Wima. 
Nakum.            Yuba.

QUORATEAN FAMILY.

  > Quoratem, Gibbs in Schoolcraft, Ind.  Tribes, III, 422, 1853
  (proposed as a proper name of family “should it be held one").

  > Eh-nek, Gibbs in Schoolcraft, Ind.  Tribes, III, 423, 1853 (given as
  name of a band only; but suggests Quoratem as a proper family name).

  > Ehnik, Latham in Trans.  Philolog.  Soc.  Lond., 76, 1856 (south of
  Shasti and Lutuami areas).  Latham, Opuscula, 342, 1860.

  = Cahrocs, Powers in Overland Monthly, 328, April, 1872 (on Klamath
  and Salmon Rivers).

  = Cahrok, Gatschet in Beach, Ind.  Misc., 438, 1877.

  = Ka’-rok, Powers in Cont.  N.A.  Eth., III, 19, 1877.  Powell in ibid.,
  447, 1877 (vocabularies of Ka’-rok, Arra-Arra, Peh’-tsik, Eh-nek).

  < Klamath, Keane, App. to Stanford’s Comp. (Cent. and So.  Am.), 475,
  1878 (cited as including Cahrocs).

Derivation:  Name of a band at mouth of Salmon River, California.  Etymology unknown.

This family name is equivalent to the Cahroc or Karok of Powers and later authorities.

In 1853, as above cited, Gibbs gives Eh-nek as the titular heading of his paragraphs upon the language of this family, with the remark that it is “The name of a band at the mouth of the Salmon, or Quoratem river.”  He adds that “This latter name may perhaps be considered as proper to give to the family, should it be held one.”  He defines the territory occupied by the family as follows:  “The language reaches from Bluff creek, the upper boundary of the Pohlik, to about Clear creek, thirty or forty miles above the Salmon; varying, however, somewhat from point to point.”