bordered by Siouan territory, while the Washaki occupied southwestern Wyoming.  Nearly the entire mountainous part of Colorado was held by the several bands of the Ute, the eastern and southeastern parts of the State being held respectively by the Arapaho and Cheyenne (Algonquian), and the Kaiowe (Kiowan).  To the southeast the Ute country included the northern drainage of the San Juan, extending farther east a short distance into New Mexico.  The Comanche division of the family extended farther east than any other.  According to Crow tradition the Comanche formerly lived northward in the Snake River region.  Omaha tradition avers that the Comanche were on the Middle Loup River, probably within the present century.  Bourgemont found a Comanche tribe on the upper Kansas River in 1724.[82] According to Pike the Comanche territory bordered the Kaiowe on the north, the former occupying the head waters of the upper Red River, Arkansas, and Rio Grande.[83] How far to the southward Shoshonean tribes extended at this early period is not known, though the evidence tends to show that they raided far down into Texas to the territory they have occupied in more recent years, viz, the extensive plains from the Rocky Mountains eastward into Indian Territory and Texas to about 97 deg..  Upon the south Shoshonean territory was limited generally by the Colorado River.  The Chemehuevi lived on both banks of the river between the Mohave on the north and the Cuchan on the south, above and below Bill Williams Fork.[84] The Kwaiantikwoket also lived to the east of the river in Arizona about Navajo Mountain, while the Tusayan (Moki) had established their seven pueblos, including one founded by people of Tanoan stock, to the east of the Colorado Chiquito.  In the southwest Shoshonean tribes had pushed across California, occupying a wide band of country to the Pacific.  In their extension northward they had reached as far as Tulare Lake, from which territory apparently they had dispossessed the Mariposan tribes, leaving a small remnant of that linguistic family near Fort Tejon.[85]

    [Footnote 79:  Allen ed., Philadelphia, 1814, vol. 1, p. 418.]

    [Footnote 80:  U.S.  Ind.  Aff., 1869, p. 289.]

    [Footnote 81:  Stevens in Pac.  R. R. Rep., 1855, vol. 1, p. 329.]

    [Footnote 82:  Lewis and Clarke, Allen ed., 1814, vol. 1, p. 34.]

    [Footnote 83:  Pike, Expl. to sources of the Miss., app. pt. 3, 16,
    1810.]

    [Footnote 84:  Ives, Colorado River, 1861, p. 54.]

    [Footnote 85:  Powers in Cont.  N.A.  Eth., 1877, vol. 3, p. 369.]

A little farther north they had crossed the Sierras and occupied the heads of San Joaquin and Kings Rivers.  Northward they occupied nearly the whole of Nevada, being limited on the west by the Sierra Nevada.  The entire southeastern part of Oregon was occupied by tribes of Shoshoni extraction.

PRINCIPAL TRIBES AND POPULATION.