13-14. Lorenzo de’ Medici, Tomb of Giuliano de’ Medici, marble tombs first projected in 1520 or 1521, during the pontificate of Leo X. (formerly Giovanni de’ Medici).  The order was renewed by Clement VII., another Medici pope, in 1523.  The work was carried on intermittently a number of years during which occurred the revolution, siege, and recapture of Florence.  From 1530-1533 Michelangelo carried them to the point of completion in which they are now seen:  they were never fully finished.  The identity of the tombs was long a matter of doubt.  Though Vasari had called the helmeted figure Lorenzo and the other Giuliano, there were critics, notably Grimm, who took the opposite view.  In 1875 the sarcophagus of the helmeted figure was opened and evidence found proving it to be unquestionably the tomb of Lorenzo, as Vasari had said.  Both tombs remain as originally placed in the new sacristy of the church of San Lorenzo, Florence.

15. Central Figures of the Last Judgment, a fresco painting on the wall of the Sistine Chapel, executed by the order of the Pope Paul III., who in 1535 appointed Michelangelo chief architect, sculptor, and painter at the Vatican.  The work occupied several years and was completed in 1541.

IV.  COLLATERAL READINGS FROM LITERATURE.

IN CONNECTION WITH THE SEVERAL WORKS HERE REPRESENTED.

The Madonna and Child and the Holy Family:—­

     The Latin hymn, Mater Speciosa, by Jacobus de Benedictis,
     translated by Dr. Neale.

David:—­

     Arthur Penrhyn Stanley.  History of the Jewish Church, Part
     II.  Lectures XXII.-XXV.:  David.

     Robert Browning.  Poem, Saul.

     Psalm Twenty-three.

Cupid:—­

     Richard Crashaw.  Poem, Cupid’s Cryer; out of the Greek.

     Edmund Gosse.  Poem, Cupido Crucifixus.

Moses:—­

     Arthur Penrhyn Stanley.  History of the Jewish Church, Part
     I, Lectures V.-VIII.:  Moses.

     Mrs. A.D.T.  Whitney.  The Open Mystery:  A Reading of the
     Mosaic Story, Part IV.

     The Song of Moses:  Deuteronomy, chapter xxxii.

     The Prayer of Moses:  Psalm Ninety.

     Cecil Frances Alexander.  Poem, The Burial of Moses.

     Sonnet on the statue of Moses by Giovanni Battista Felice
     Zappi, translated by J.A.  Symonds (in Life of Michelangelo
     Buonarotti).

The Pieta:—­

     Latin hymn, Stabat Mater, by Jacobus de Benedictis,
     translated by Lord Lindsay, by General Dix or by Dr. Coles.

Christ Triumphant:—­

     Henryk Sienkiewicz.  Quo Vadis, chapter lxix.

Frescoes of the Sistine Chapel, general impressions:—­

     Symonds.  Renaissance in Italy, volume on the Fine Arts,
     chapter viii.:  Life of Michael Angelo.