is not favorable to the employment of a long or avenue type of plan, it is too short and square; let us rather try a plan of the open area order, such as Fig 32.  This is based on the short-armed Greek cross, with an open center area; again there is an “advanced guard” in the shape of an entrance block with a porch; and the three apses at the end give architectural emphasis to the sacrarium.  Fig. 35 is another idea, the special object of which is to give an effect of contrast between the entrance, approached first through a colonnaded portico, then through an internal vestibule, lighted from above, and flanked by rows of small coupled columns; then through these colonnaded entrances, the inner one kept purposely rather dark, we come into an interior expanding in every direction; an effect of strong contrast and climax.  If our plot of ground again be so situated that one angle of it is opposite the vista of two or more large streets, there and nowhere else will be the salient angle, so to speak, of the plan, and we can place there a circular porch—­which may, it is evident, rise into a tower—­and enter the interior at the angle instead of in the center; not an effective manner of entering as a rule, but quite legitimate when there is an obvious motive for it in the nature and position of the site.  A new feature is here introduced in the circular colonnade dividing the interior into a central area and an aisle.  Each of these plans might be susceptible of many different styles of architectural treatment; but quite independently of that, it will be recognized that each of them represents in itself a distinct idea or invention, a form of artistic arrangement of spaces, which is what “plan,” in an architectural sense, really means.

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THE LOWE INCANDESCENT GAS BURNER.

This burner is in the form of a cylinder made of a composition in which magnesium predominates, and gives a light of 210 candle power with a consumption of three and one-half cubic feet of gas per hour.

[Illustration]

The cylinder to be heated to incandescence is firmly held in place on a metal spindle, which is slowly revolved by means of an ingenious clock-work in the base of the fixture.  The arrangement is such that by turning off the gas the clock-work is stopped, and by the turning on of the gas, it is again set in motion.  The movement of the spindle is so slow that a casual observer would not notice it, there being only one revolution made in twenty-four hours.  The object of this movement is to continually present new surface to be heated, as that which is exposed to the high temperature wears away, similarly to the carbons used in electric lighting, though much more slowly.

These burners can be made of 2,000 candle power, down to fifty candle power.

Pure oxygen can now be obtained from the atmosphere at a cost of about twenty-five cents per 1,000 cubic feet, and the small amount required to supplement the fuel water gas in producing this light can be supplied under proper pressure from a very small pipe, which can be laid in the same trench with the fuel gas pipe, at much less cost than is required to carry an electric wire to produce an equal amount of light.