In these mixing vats at the Buffalo Works, aniline dyes are prepared 61

A paper mill in action 120

Cellulose from wood pulp is now made into a large variety of useful articles of which a few examples are here pictured 121

Plantation rubber 160

Forest rubber 160

In making garden hose the rubber is formed into a tube by the machine on the right and coiled on the table to the left 161

The rival sugars 176

Interior of a sugar mill showing the machinery for crushing cane to extract the juice 177

Vacuum pans of the American Sugar Refinery Company 177

Cotton seed oil as it is squeezed from the seed by the presses 200

Cotton seed oil as it comes from the compressors flowing out of the faucets 201

Splitting coconuts on the island of Tahiti 216

The electric current passing through salt water in these cells decomposes the salt into caustic soda and chlorine gas 217

Germans starting a gas attack on the Russian lines 224

Filling the cannisters of gas masks with charcoal made from fruit pits—­Long Island City 225

The chlorpicrin plant at the Bdgewood Arsenal 234

Repairing the broken stern post of the U.S.S.  Northern
Pacific, the biggest marine weld in the world 235

Making aloxite in the electric furnaces by fusing coke
and bauxite 240

A block of carborundum crystals 241

Making carborundum in the electric furnace 241

Types of gas mask used by America, the Allies and Germany
during the war 256

Pumping melted white phosphorus into hand grenades
filled with water—­Edgewood Arsenal 257

Filling shell with “mustard gas” 257

Photomicrographs showing the structure of steel made by
Professor E.G.  Mahin of Purdue University 272

The microscopic structure of metals 273

INTRODUCTION

BY JULIUS STIEGLITZ

Formerly President of the American Chemical Society, Professor of
Chemistry in The University of Chicago