Watch and Clock Escapements eBook

Table of Contents
Section	Page

Start of eBook	1
CHAPTER I.	1
MAKING A PAIR OF DIVIDERS.	2
DELINEATING AN ESCAPE WHEEL.	2
PALLET-AND-FORK ACTION.	3
ESTABLISHING THE CENTER OF PALLET STAFF.	4
LAYING OUT ESCAPE-WHEEL TEETH.	5
HOW MOTION IS OBTAINED.	6
PALLET-AND-FORK ACTION.	7
METHODS OF MAKING GOOD DRAWING INSTRUMENTS.	8
SPRING AND ADJUSTING SCREW FOR DRAWING INSTRUMENTS.	10
CONSIDERATION OF DETACHED LEVER ESCAPEMENT RESUMED.	11
THE NECESSITY FOR GOOD INSTRUMENTS.	12
DELINEATING THE EXIT PALLET.	14
DELINEATING CIRCULAR PALLETS.	14
THE AMOUNT OF LOCK.	15
ADVANTAGE OF MAKING LARGE DRAWINGS.	16
THE CLUB-TOOTH LEVER ESCAPEMENT.	16
RELATIONS OF THE SEVERAL PARTS.	18
LOCATING THE INNER ANGLE OF THE EXIT PALLET.	19
CLUB-TOOTH LEVER WITH EQUIDISTANT LOCKING FACES.	20
ANGULAR MOTION OF ESCAPE WHEEL DETERMINED.	22
A DEPARTURE FROM FORMER PRACTICES.	22
AN APT ILLUSTRATION.	23
LOCATING THE OUTER ANGLE OF THE IMPULSE PLANES.	24
MAKING AN ESCAPEMENT MODEL.	24
MAKING THE BRIDGES.	26
PROFITABLE FOR EXPLAINING TO A CUSTOMER.	27
HOW LARGE SCREWS ARE MADE.	28
FANCY SCREWHEADS.	28
HOW TO DO ACID FROSTING.	29
HOW TO PREPARE THE SURFACE.	30
HOW TO ETCH THE SURFACE.	30
TO TEMPER AND POLISH STEEL.	32
HOW FLAT STEEL POLISHING IS DONE.	32
SMOOTHING AND POLISHING.	33
KNOWLEDGE THAT IS MOST ESSENTIAL.	34
EDUCATE THE EYE TO JUDGE OF ANGULAR AS WELL AS LINEAR EXTENT.	34
FORK AND ROLLER ACTION.	35
HOW TO FIND THE ROLLER DIAMETER FROM THE LENGTH OF THE FORK.	36
WHY THIRTY DEGREES OF ROLLER ACTION IS ABOUT RIGHT.	36
HOW TO SET A FORK AND ROLLER ACTION RIGHT.	37
HOW TO DELINEATE A FORK AND ROLLER.	38
TO DETERMINE THE SIZE OF A JEWEL PIN.	38
THE THEORY OF THE FORK ACTION.	39
HOW TO DELINEATE THE PRONGS OF A LEVER FORK.	40
THE PROPER LENGTH OF A LEVER.	40
HOW TO DELINEATE THE SAFETY ACTION.	41
RESTRICT THE FRICTIONAL SURFACES.	42
BE FEARLESS IN REPAIRS, IF SURE YOU ARE RIGHT.	43
STUDY OF AN ESCAPEMENT ERROR.	43
HOW TO ADJUST THE PALLETS TO MATCH THE FORK.	43
HOW TO SET A JEWEL PIN AS IT SHOULD BE.	44
ABOUT JEWEL-PIN SETTERS.	45
HOW TO MAKE AN ANGLE-MEASURING DEVICE.	46
HOW THE ANGULAR MOTION IS MEASURED.	46
TESTING LOCK AND DROP WITH OUR NEW DEVICE.	47
A FEW EXPERIMENTS WITH OUR ANGLE-MEASURING DEVICE.	48
HOW TO MEASURE THE ANGULAR MOTION OF AN ESCAPE WHEEL.	49
HOW A BALANCE CONTROLS THE TIMEKEEPING OF A WATCH.	50
HOW BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AFFECTS A WATCH.	51
PROPORTIONS OF THE DOUBLE-ROLLER ESCAPEMENT.	52
THEORETICAL ACTION OF DOUBLE ROLLER CONSIDERED.	53
HOW TO DESIGN A DOUBLE-ROLLER ESCAPEMENT.	54
HOW THE GUARD POINT IS MADE.	55
MORE ABOUT TANGENTIAL LOCKINGS.	55
CORRECT DRAWING REQUIRED.	57
NEUTRAL LOCKINGS.	58
PRACTICAL HINTS FOR LEVER ESCAPEMENTS.	59
THE PERFECTED LEVER ESCAPEMENT.	60
WHEN POWER IS LOST IN THE LEVER ESCAPEMENT.	60
ABOUT THE CLUB-TOOTH ESCAPEMENT.	61
HOW TO LOCATE THE PALLET ACTION.	62
DRAWING AN ESCAPEMENT TO SHOW ANGULAR MOTION.	64
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN THE LEVER ESCAPEMENT.	65
TO DRAW A PALLET IN ANY POSITION.	66
HIGHER MATHEMATICS APPLIED TO THE LEVER ESCAPEMENT.	67
HOW THE BASIS FOR CLOSE MEASUREMENTS IS OBTAINED.	67
MAKE A LARGE ESCAPEMENT MODEL.	68
PRACTICAL LESSONS WITH FORK AND PALLET ACTION.	69
QUIZ PROBLEMS IN THE DETACHED LEVER ESCAPEMENT.	70
HOW TO MEASURE ESCAPEMENT ANGLES.	71
DETERMINATION OF “RIGHT” METHODS.	72
ESCAPEMENTS COMPARED.	73
HOW TO SET PALLET STONES.	74
HOW TO MAKE AN ESCAPEMENT MATCHING TOOL.	75
DETAILS OF FITTING UP ESCAPEMENT MATCHER.	76
ESCAPEMENT MATCHING DEVICE DESCRIBED.	77
HOW TO SET PALLET STONES.	78
CHAPTER II.	79
ESSENTIAL PARTS OF THE CYLINDER ESCAPEMENT.	79
DRAWING THE CYLINDER ESCAPEMENT.	81
ADVANTAGES GAINED IN SHAPING.	83
THE OUTER DIAMETER OF THE CYLINDER.	83
DRAWING A CYLINDER.	84
THE CYLINDER PROPER CONSIDERED.	85
WHY THE ANGULAR EXTENT IS INCREASED.	86
MAKING A WORKING MODEL.	87
PROPER SHAPE OF CYLINDER LIPS.	87
DELINEATING AN ESCAPE-WHEEL TOOTH WHILE IN ACTION.	89
CHAPTER III.	92
ADVANTAGES OF THE CHRONOMETER.	92
FAULTS IN THE DETENT ESCAPEMENT.	93
ANTAGONISTIC INFLUENCES.	94
FACTORS THAT MUST BE CONSIDERED.	95
FUNCTIONS OF THE DETENT.	96
OBTAINING THE BEST CONDITIONS.	97
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS.	98
DECISIONS ARRIVED AT BY EXPERIENCE.	98
LOCATING THE CENTER OF THE BALANCE STAFF.	99
HOW TO SET THE DISCHARGING JEWEL.	100
A GOOD FORM OF LOCKING STONE.	101
THE DETENT SPRING.	103
DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION.	103
ORIGINAL DESIGNING OF THE ESCAPEMENT.	104
TANGENTIAL LOCKINGS.	104
THE DROP AND DRAW CONSIDERED.	105
FITTING UP OF THE FOOT.	106
CHAPTER IV.	106
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED.	107
ESCAPEMENT THE MOST ESSENTIAL PART.	108
THE VERGE ESCAPEMENT.	109
OLDEST ARRANGEMENT OF A CROWN-WHEEL ESCAPEMENT.	109
GALILEO’S EXPERIMENTS.	110
THE ATTAINMENT OF ISOCHRONISM BY HUYGENS.	111
ANOTHER TWO-PENDULUM ESCAPEMENT.	112
CORRECTING IRREGULARITIES IN THE VERGE ESCAPEMENT.	112
AN INVENTION THAT CREATED MUCH ENTHUSIASM.	113
INGENIOUS ATTEMPTS AT SOLUTION OF A DIFFICULT PROBLEM.	114
VARIOUS MODIFICATIONS	115
THE GABLE ESCAPEMENT.	116
CHAPTER V.	117
MEASURING THE HEIGHTS.	118
TURNING THE PIVOTS.	120
HOW TO USE A CEMENT CHUCK.	120
A CONVENIENT TOOL FOR LENGTH MEASUREMENT.	121
REMOVING THE LATHE CEMENT.	122
INDEX	123
BY CHARLES EDGAR FRITTS (EXCELSIOR),	126
THE ART OF ENGRAVING	127
THE KEYSTONE PORTFOLIO OF MONOGRAMS	127
THE OPTICIAN’S MANUAL	127
THE OPTICIAN’S MANUAL	128
SKIASCOPY AND THE USE OF THE RETINOSCOPE	129
PHYSIOLOGIC OPTICS	129
BY DR. M. TSCHERNING	129
AUTHORIZED TRANSLATION	129
OPHTHALMIC LENSES	130
OPHTHALMIC LENSES.	130
OPTOMETRIC RECORD BOOK	131
THE KEYSTONE BOOK OF MONOGRAMS	131
THE KEYSTONE RECORD BOOK OF WATCH REPAIRS	131