=Latin-American Relations.=—­Haworth, pp. 294-299; Ogg, pp. 254-257.

=The Panama Canal.=—­Haworth, pp. 300-309; Ogg, pp. 266-277; Paxson, pp. 286-292; Elson, pp. 906-911.

=Conservation.=—­Haworth, pp. 331-334; Ogg, pp. 96-115; Beard, American Government and Politics (3d ed.), pp. 401-416.

=Republican Dissensions under Taft’s Administration.=—­Haworth, pp. 351-360; Ogg, pp. 167-186; Paxson, pp. 324-342; Elson, pp. 916-924.

=The Campaign of 1912.=—­Haworth, pp. 360-379; Ogg, pp. 187-208.

=Questions=

1.  Compare the early career of Roosevelt with that of some other President.

2.  Name the chief foreign and domestic questions of the Roosevelt-Taft administrations.

3.  What international complications were involved in the Panama Canal problem?

4.  Review the Monroe Doctrine.  Discuss Roosevelt’s applications of it.

5.  What is the strategic importance of the Caribbean to the United States?

6.  What is meant by the sea power?  Trace the voyage of the fleet around the world and mention the significant imperial and commercial points touched.

7.  What is meant by the question:  “Does the Constitution follow the flag?”

8.  Trace the history of self-government in Porto Rico.  In the Philippines.

9.  What is Cuba’s relation to the United States?

10.  What was Roosevelt’s theory of our Constitution?

11.  Give Roosevelt’s views on trusts, labor, taxation.

12.  Outline the domestic phases of Roosevelt’s administrations.

13.  Account for the dissensions under Taft.

14.  Trace the rise of the Progressive movement.

15.  What was Roosevelt’s progressive program?

16.  Review Wilson’s early career and explain the underlying theory of The New Freedom.

CHAPTER XXII

THE SPIRIT OF REFORM IN AMERICA

AN AGE OF CRITICISM

=Attacks on Abuses in American Life.=—­The crisis precipitated by the Progressive uprising was not a sudden and unexpected one.  It had been long in preparation.  The revolt against corruption in politics which produced the Liberal Republican outbreak in the seventies and the Mugwump movement of the eighties was followed by continuous criticism of American political and economic development.  From 1880 until his death in 1892, George William Curtis, as president of the Civil Service Reform Association, kept up a running fire upon the abuses of the spoils system.  James Bryce, an observant English scholar and man of affairs, in his great work, The American Commonwealth, published in 1888, by picturing fearlessly the political rings and machines which dominated the cities, gave the whole country a fresh shock.  Six years later Henry D. Lloyd, in a powerful book