[522] Perhaps ‘in wedge-formation’ (see note 283).

    [523] Cp. iv. 26.

    [524] Bructeri, Tencteri, &c. (cp. iv. 23).

    [525] Cp. ii. 11.

    [526] Cp. iii. 44.

    [527] They had been newly enrolled (see iv. 68).

    [528] i.e. the Roman army of occupation which had joined the
          Gauls and come over again.

    [529] Vetera.

    [530] See note 522.

    [531] Chap. 14.

    [532] Stationed in the Rhine (see chap. 21).

    [533] Cp. iv. 68.

    [534] Cp. iv. 79.

    [535] ?  Cleves.

    [536] This mole, begun by Drusus in A.D. 9, was built out from
          the left bank of the Rhine near Cleves.  It turned most of the
          water into the Lek, thus making the island easily accessible
          from the Roman side and barring access from the north.  Civilis
          now reversed this position.  His friends were now on the north. 
          The swollen Waal would be an obstacle to the Romans.

    [537] i.e. the Waal.

    [538] See iii. 35.

    [539] These places cannot be certainly identified.  They must
          have lain on the south of the Waal, probably east and west of
          Nymwegen.

    [540] Across the now swollen Waal.

    [541] See iv. 70.

    [542] Which he had found on his way.

    [543] Marching along the bank.

    [544] Pitched on the left bank somewhere between Novaesium and
          Vetera.  The German assailants were probably Tencteri.

    [545] Dividing the different portions of the camp.

    [546] Cp. iv. 61.

    [547] Cp. ii. 16.

    [548] See chap. 22 and iv. 16 and 79.  But the ships captured
          by Civilis were not small craft.  Perhaps luntres is here
          repeated from the preceding sentence by mistake for naves or
          puppes.

    [549] The de Noord channel carries the combined waters of the
          Maas and the Waal into the Lek a few miles above Rotterdam. 
          From the point of this confluence to the sea the Lek takes the
          name of Maas.

    [550] Into the country of the Frisii up toward the Zuyder Zee.

    [551] To make his party suspect that he was in league with the
          Romans.

    [552] Cp. iv. 65.

    [553] i.e. by betraying Civilis to them.

    [554] Tacitus remarks in the Germania (chap. 29) that the
          Batavi do not suffer the indignity of paying tribute, but,
          ‘like armour and weapons are reserved for use in war.’

    [555] Cp. iv. 13.

    [556] Perhaps the Neue Yssel, near Arnhem.

    [557] Cp. iv. 13, 32.