The air was filled with indefinite promise of a new era for mankind to be inaugurated by this amiable young king, whose kindness of heart shone forth in his first speech, “We will have no more loans, no credit, no fresh burdens on the people;” then, leaving his ministers to devise ways of paying the enormous salaries of officials out of an empty treasury, and to arrange the financial details of his benevolent scheme of government, he proceeded with his gay and brilliant young wife to Rheims, there to be crowned with a magnificence undreamed of by Louis XIV.

In the midst of these rejoicings over the new reign, and of speculative dreams of universal freedom, there was wafted across the Atlantic news of a handful of patriots arrayed against the tyranny of the British Crown.  Here were the theories of the new philosophy translated into the reality of actual experience.  “No taxation without representation,” “No privileged class,” “No government without the consent of the governed.”  Was this not an embodiment of their dreams?  Nor did it detract from the interest in the conflict that England—­England, the hated rival of France—­was defied by an indignant people of her own race.  There was not a young noble in the land who would not have rushed, if he could, to the defence of the outraged colonies.

The king, half doubting, and vaguely fearing, was swept into the current, and the armies and the courage of the Americans were splendidly reinforced by generous, enthusiastic France.

Why should the simple-hearted Louis see what no one else seemed to see:  that victory or failure was alike full of peril for France?  If the colonies were conquered, France would feel the hostility of England; if they were freed and self-governing, the principle of monarchy had a staggering blow.

In the mean time, as the American Revolution moved on toward success, there was talk in the cabin as well as the chateau of the “rights of man.”  In shops and barns, as well as in clubs and drawing-rooms, there was a glimmering of the coming day.

“What is true upon one continent is true upon another,” say they.  “If it is cowardly to submit to tyranny in America, what is it in France?” “If Englishmen may revolt against oppression, why may not Frenchmen?” “No government without the consent of the governed?—­When has our consent been asked, the consent of twenty-five million people?  Are we sheep, that we have let a few thousands govern us for a thousand years, without our consent?”

Poverty and hunger gave force and urgency to these questions.  The people began to clamor more boldly for the good time which had been promised by the kind-hearted king.  The murmur swelled to an ominous roar.  Thousands were at his very palace gates, telling him in no unmistakable terms that they were tired of smooth words and fair promises.  What they wanted was a new constitution and—­bread.