and approved order of faith and worship, just as it provides for public education.  And though the civil power may not rightfully punish, fine, imprison, and oppress orderly and honest citizens for conscientious non-conformity to any one specific system of belief and worship, it may, and must, provide for and protect what tends to its rightful conservation, and also condemn, punish, and restrain whatsoever tends to unseat it and undermine its existence and peace.  These are fundamental requirements in all sound political economy.

LAWS ON RELIGION AND MORALS.

Our fathers, in their wisdom, understood this, and fashioned their state provisions and laws accordingly.

The thing specified as the supreme concern of the public authorities in the original settlement of this territory by the Swedes was, to “consider and see to it that a true and due worship, becoming honor, laud, and praise be paid to the most high God in all things,” and that “all persons, but especially the young, shall be duly instructed in the articles of their Christian faith.”

But if public worship and religious instruction are to be fostered and preserved by the state, there must be set times for it, the people released at those times from hindering occupations and engagements, and whatever may interfere therewith restrained and put under bonds against interruption.  In other words, the Lord’s proper worship demands and requires a protected Lord’s Day.  Such appointed and sacred times for these holy purposes have been from the foundation of the world.  Under all dispensations one day in every seven was a day unto the Lord, protected and preserved for such sacred uses, on which secular occupations should cease, and nothing allowed which would interfere with the public worship of Almighty God and the handling of his Word.  And “because it was requisite to appoint a certain day, that the people might know when they ought to come together, it appears that the Christian Church [and so all Christian states] did for that purpose appoint the Lord’s Day,” our weekly Sunday.

This William Penn found in existence and observance by the Swedes and the Dutch on this territory when he arrived.  He therefore advised, and the first General Assembly of Pennsylvania justly ordained, “that, according to the good example of the primitive Christians and the ease of the creation, every first day of the week, called the Lord’s Day, people shall abstain from their common daily labor, that they may the better dispose themselves to worship God according to their understandings”—­a provision so necessary and important that the statute laws of our commonwealth have always guarded its observance with penalties which the State cannot in justice to itself allow to go unenforced, and which no good citizen should refuse strictly to obey.