those Libyans who fell in their way.  But not long afterward John collected those of the soldiers who had survived, and drawing into alliance with him many Moors and especially those under Coutzinas, came to battle with the enemy and unexpectedly routed them.  And the Romans, following them up as they fled in complete disorder, slew a great part of them, while the rest escaped to the confines of Libya.  Thus it came to pass that those of the Libyans who survived, few as they were in number and exceedingly poor, at last and after great toil found some peace.

FOOTNOTES: 

[1]

The vexillum praetorium carried by the cavalry of the imperial guard, IV. x. 4 below; cf.  Lat. pannum.

[2]

See III. xxiv. 1.

[3]

“Auxiliaries”; see Book III. xi. 3 and note.

[4]

Chap. i. 3.

[5]

Chap. i. 3.

[6]

Now Bona; it was the home and burial-place of St. Augustine.

[7]

The Eruli, or Heruli, were one of the wildest and most corrupt of the barbarian tribes.  They came from beyond the Danube.  On their origin, practices, and character, see VI. xiv.

[8]

The Greek implies that the Tuscan Sea was stormy, like the Adriatic.  The
Syrtes farther east had a bad reputation.

[9]

About twelve miles west of Algiers, originally Iol, now Cherchel; named after Augustus.

[10]

See III. i. 6 and note.

[11]

See III. i. 18.

[12]

Book III. ix. 9.

[13]

See III. x. 23

[14]

Lilybaeum had been ceded to the Vandals by Theoderic as dower of his sister Amalafrida on her marriage to Thrasamund, the African king (III. viii. 13).

[15]

“Friendship” and “hostility” refer to the present relations between Justinian and the Goths and what they may become.

[16]

Amalasountha.

[17]

The correspondence between Queen Amalasountha and Justinian is given in
V. iii. 17.

[18]

In Latin serica, “silk,” as coming from the Chinese (Seres).

[19]

Cf.  Thucydides’ description of the huts in which the Athenians lived during the great plague.

[20]

Pharas and the other Eruli.

[21]

Cf. ch. vi. 4.

[22]

“Auxiliaries”; see Book III. xi. 3.

[23]

i.e. there in Africa, as successor to the throne of the Vandal kings.

[24]

Book III. xxv. 2-4.

[25]

Examples of the Roman system have come to light in Egyptian papyri:  cf. the declarations of personal property, [Greek:  apographai], Pap.  Lond., I., p. 79; Flinders Petrie Pap., III., p. 200, ed.  Mahaffy and Smyly.