17 December, 1866.—­We went on through a bushy country without paths, and struck the Pamazi, a river of sixty yards wide, in steep banks and in flood, and held on as well as we could through a very difficult country, the river forcing us north-west:  I heard hippopotami in it.  Game is abundant but wild; we shot two poku antelopes[37] here, called “tsebulas,” which drew a hunter to us, who consented for meat and pay to show us a ford.  He said that the Pamazi rises in a range of mountains we can now see (in general we could see no high ground during our marches for the last fortnight), we forded it, thigh deep on one side and breast deep on the other.  We made only about three miles of northing, and found the people on the left bank uncivil:  they would not lend a hut, so we soon put up a tent of waterproof cloth and branches.

18th December, 1866.—­As the men grumbled at their feet being pierced by thorns in the trackless portions we had passed I was anxious to get a guide, but the only one we could secure would go to Molenga’s only; so I submitted, though this led us east instead of north.  When we arrived we were asked what we wanted, seeing we brought neither slaves nor ivory:  I replied it was much against our will that we came; but the guide had declared that this was the only way to Casembe’s, our next stage.  To get rid of us they gave a guide, and we set forward northwards.  The Mopane Forest is perfectly level, and after rains the water stands in pools; but during most of the year it is dry.  The trees here were very large, and planted some twenty or thirty yards apart:  as there are no branches on their lower parts animals see very far.  I shot a gnu, but wandered in coming back to the party, and did not find them till it was getting dark.  Many parts of the plain are thrown up into heaps, of about the size of one’s cap (probably by crabs), which now, being hard, are difficult to walk over; under the trees it is perfectly smooth.  The Mopane-tree furnishes the iron wood of the Portuguese Pao Ferro:  it is pretty to travel in and look at the bright sunshine of early morning; but the leaves hang perpendicularly as the sun rises high, and afford little or no shade through the day,[38] so as the land is clayey, it becomes hard-baked thereby.

We observed that the people had placed corn-granaries at different parts of this forest, and had been careful to leave no track to them—­a provision in case of further visits of Mazitu.  King-hunters[39] abound, and make the air resound with their stridulous notes, which commence with a sharp, shrill cheep, and then follows a succession of notes, which resembles a pea in a whistle.  Another bird is particularly conspicuous at present by its chattering activity, its nest consists of a bundle of fine seed-stalks of grass hung at the end of a branch, the free ends being left untrimmed, and no attempt at concealment made.  Many other birds are now active, and so many new notes are heard, that it is probable this is a richer ornithological region than the Zambesi.  Guinea-fowl and francolins are in abundance, and so indeed are all the other kinds of game, as zebras, pallahs, gnus.