The fall of Angus was brought about by the conduct of the young king himself, who, tired of the tyranny in which he was held, and escaping from Edinburgh to Stirling, regained his freedom.  Angus had to flee to England, and James passed under the influence of his mother and her youthful husband.  In 1528 he made a truce with England for five years.  During these years James showed leanings towards the French alliance, while Henry was engaged in treasonable intrigues with Scottish nobles, and in fomenting border troubles.  But the truce was renewed in 1533, and a more definite peace was made in 1534.  Henry now attempted to enlist James as an ally against Rome, and, by the irony of fate, offered him, as a temptation to become a Protestant, the hand of the Princess Mary.  James refused to break with the pope, and negotiations for a meeting between the two kings fell through—­fortunately, for Henry was prepared to kidnap James.  The King of Scots arranged in 1536 to marry a daughter of the Duc de Vendome, but, on seeing her, behaved much as Henry VIII was to do in the case of Anne of Cleves, except that he definitely declined to wed her at all.  Being in France, he made a proposal for the Princess Madeleine, daughter of Francis I, and was married to her in January, 1536-37.  This step naturally annoyed Henry, who refused James a passport through England, on the ground that “no Scottish king had ever entered England peacefully except as a vassal”.  So James returned by sea with his dying bride, and reached Scotland to find numerous troubles in store for him—­among them, intrigues brought about by his mother’s wish to obtain a divorce from her third husband.  Madeleine died in July, 1537, and the relations between James and Henry VIII (now a widower by the death of Jane Seymour) were further strained by the fact that nephew and uncle alike desired the hand of Mary of Guise, widow of the Duke de Longueville, who preferred her younger suitor and married him in the following summer.  These two French marriages are important as marking James’s final rejection of the path marked out for him by Henry VIII.  The husband of a Guise could scarcely remain on good terms with the heretic King of England; but Henry, with true Tudor persistency, did not give up hope of bending his nephew to his will, and spent the next few years in negotiating with James, in trying to alienate him from Cardinal Beaton—­the great supporter of the French alliance,—­and in urging the King of Scots to enrich himself at the expense of the Church.  As late as 1541, a meeting was arranged at York, whither Henry went, to find that his nephew did not appear.  James was probably wise, for we know that Henry would not have scrupled to seize his person.  Border troubles arose; Henry reasserted the old claim of homage and devised a scheme to kidnap James.  Finally he sent the Earl of Angus, who had been living in England, with a force to invade Scotland, and this without the formality of declaring war.  Henry, in fact, was acting as